Author
Frank B. Hu
Other affiliations: Southwest University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, American Cancer Society ...read more
Bio: Frank B. Hu is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Type 2 diabetes & Diabetes mellitus. The author has an hindex of 250, co-authored 1675 publications receiving 253464 citations. Previous affiliations of Frank B. Hu include Southwest University & Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Johns Hopkins University1, University of Freiburg2, University of Lübeck3, University of Regensburg4, University of Washington5, University of Maryland, Baltimore6, Washington University in St. Louis7, Boston University8, University of Iceland9, Memorial Hospital of South Bend10, National Institutes of Health11, Erasmus University Rotterdam12, University of Greifswald13, McMaster University14, Mayo Clinic15, University of Mainz16, Wake Forest University17, Harvard University18, University of Basel19, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute20, Innsbruck Medical University21, Leipzig University22, Western General Hospital23, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston24, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center25, University of Pittsburgh26, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich27, University of Ulm28, University of Edinburgh29, University of Split30, University of Zagreb31, Uppsala University32, University of Kiel33, University of London34, University of Oxford35, Amgen36, University of Michigan37, University of Geneva38, Capital Medical University39, University of California, San Francisco40, Heidelberg University41
TL;DR: The CKDGen consortium performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 67,093 individuals of European ancestry to identify new susceptibility loci for reduced renal function as estimated by serum creatinine, serum cystatin c and CKD.
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem, and recent genetic studies have identified common CKD susceptibility variants. The CKDGen consortium performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 67,093 individuals of European ancestry from 20 predominantly population-based studies in order to identify new susceptibility loci for reduced renal function as estimated by serum creatinine (eGFRcrea), serum cystatin c (eGFRcys) and CKD (eGFRcrea < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2); n = 5,807 individuals with CKD (cases)). Follow-up of the 23 new genome-wide-significant loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)) in 22,982 replication samples identified 13 new loci affecting renal function and CKD (in or near LASS2, GCKR, ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA, PRKAG2, PIP5K1B, ATXN2, DACH1, UBE2Q2 and SLC7A9) and 7 loci suspected to affect creatinine production and secretion (CPS1, SLC22A2, TMEM60, WDR37, SLC6A13, WDR72 and BCAS3). These results further our understanding of the biologic mechanisms of kidney function by identifying loci that potentially influence nephrogenesis, podocyte function, angiogenesis, solute transport and metabolic functions of the kidney.
756 citations
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TL;DR: Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity.
Abstract: Although diet and nutrition are widely believed to play an important part in the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, specific dietary factors have not been clearly defined. Much controversy exists about the relations between the amount and types of dietary fat and carbohydrate and the risk of diabetes. In this article, we review in detail the current evidence regarding the associations between different types of fats and carbohydrates and insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Our findings indicate that a higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and possibly long-chain n-3 fatty acids could be beneficial, whereas a higher intake of saturated fat and trans-fat could adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In dietary practice, exchanging nonhydrogenated polyunsaturated fat for saturated and trans-fatty acids could appreciably reduce risk of Type II diabetes. In addition, a low-glycaemic index diet with a higher amount of fiber and minimally processed whole grain products reduces glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and lowers the risk of Type II diabetes. Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity.
756 citations
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TL;DR: Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity were strongly and positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality independently of body mass index and potential confounders.
Abstract: Background— Accumulating evidence indicates that abdominal adiposity is positively related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and some other diseases independently of overall adiposity. However, the association of premature death resulting from these diseases with abdominal adiposity has not been widely studied, and findings are inconsistent. Methods and Results— In a prospective cohort study of 44 636 women in the Nurses’ Health Study, associations of abdominal adiposity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were examined. During 16 years of follow-up, 3507 deaths were identified, including 751 cardiovascular deaths and 1748 cancer deaths. After adjustment for body mass index and potential confounders, the relative risks across the lowest to the highest waist circumference quintiles were 1.00, 1.11, 1.17, 1.31, and 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 1.98) for all-cause mortality; 1.00, 1.04, 1.04, 1.28, and 1.99 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.73) for CVD mortality; and 1.00, 1.18, 1.20, 1.34, and 1....
755 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the amount, type, and intensity of physical activity in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among men among a cohort of 44,452 US men enrolled in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.
Abstract: ContextStudies have shown an inverse relationship between exercise and risk
of coronary heart disease (CHD), but data on type and intensity are sparse.ObjectiveTo assess the amount, type, and intensity of physical activity in relation
to risk of CHD among men.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort of 44 452 US men enrolled in the Health Professionals'
Follow-up Study, followed up at 2-year intervals from 1986 through January
31, 1998, to assess potential CHD risk factors, identify newly diagnosed cases
of CHD, and assess levels of leisure-time physical activity.Main Outcome MeasureIncident nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD occurring during
the follow-up period.ResultsDuring 475 755 person-years, we documented 1700 new cases of CHD.
Total physical activity, running, weight training, and rowing were each inversely
associated with risk of CHD. The RRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) corresponding
to quintiles of metabolic equivalent tasks (METs) for total physical activity
adjusted for age, smoking, and other cardiovascular risk factors were 1.0,
0.90 (0.78-1.04), 0.87 (0.75-1.00), 0.83 (0.71-0.96), and 0.70 (0.59-0.82)
(P<.001 for trend). Men who ran for an hour or
more per week had a 42% risk reduction (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77) compared
with men who did not run (P<.001 for trend). Men
who trained with weights for 30 minutes or more per week had a 23% risk reduction
(RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.98) compared with men who did not train with weights
(P = .03 for trend). Rowing for 1 hour or more per
week was associated with an 18% risk reduction (RR, 0.82; 05% CI, 0.68-0.99).
Average exercise intensity was associated with reduced CHD risk independent
of the total volume of physical activity. The RRs (95% CIs) corresponding
to moderate (4-6 METs) and high (6-12 METs) activity intensities were 0.94
(0.83-1.04) and 0.83 (0.72-0.97) compared with low activity intensity (<4
METs) (P = .02 for trend). A half-hour per day or
more of brisk walking was associated with an 18% risk reduction (RR, 0.82;
95% CI, 0.67-1.00). Walking pace was associated with reduced CHD risk independent
of the number of walking hours.ConclusionsTotal physical activity, running, weight training, and walking were
each associated with reduced CHD risk. Average exercise intensity was associated
with reduced risk independent of the number of MET-hours spent in physical
activity.
755 citations
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TL;DR: A diet high in rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and low in cereal fiber is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
753 citations
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28,685 citations
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TL;DR: The role of vitamin D in skeletal and nonskeletal health is considered and strategies for the prevention and treatment ofitamin D deficiency are suggested.
Abstract: Once foods in the United States were fortified with vitamin D, rickets appeared to have been conquered, and many considered major health problems from vitamin D deficiency resolved. But vitamin D deficiency is common. This review considers the role of vitamin D in skeletal and nonskeletal health and suggests strategies for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
11,849 citations
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TL;DR: Abnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol, and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of myocardial infarction worldwide in both sexes and at all ages in all regions.
10,387 citations
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TL;DR: This statement from the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is intended to provide up-to-date guidance for professionals on the diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome in adults.
Abstract: The metabolic syndrome has received increased attention in the past few years. This statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is intended to provide up-to-date guidance for professionals on the diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome in adults.
The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelated risk factors of metabolic origin— metabolic risk factors —that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).1 Patients with the metabolic syndrome also are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Another set of conditions, the underlying risk factors , give rise to the metabolic risk factors. In the past few years, several expert groups have attempted to set forth simple diagnostic criteria to be used in clinical practice to identify patients who manifest the multiple components of the metabolic syndrome. These criteria have varied somewhat in specific elements, but in general they include a combination of both underlying and metabolic risk factors.
The most widely recognized of the metabolic risk factors are atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Individuals with these characteristics commonly manifest a prothrombotic state and a pro-inflammatory state as well. Atherogenic dyslipidemia consists of an aggregation of lipoprotein abnormalities including elevated serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB), increased small LDL particles, and a reduced level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). The metabolic syndrome is often referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause. Available data suggest that it truly is a syndrome, ie, a grouping of ASCVD risk factors, but one that probably has more than one cause. Regardless of cause, the syndrome identifies individuals at an elevated risk for ASCVD. The magnitude of the increased risk can vary according to which components of the syndrome are …
9,982 citations