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Frank B. Hu

Bio: Frank B. Hu is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Type 2 diabetes & Diabetes mellitus. The author has an hindex of 250, co-authored 1675 publications receiving 253464 citations. Previous affiliations of Frank B. Hu include Southwest University & Brigham and Women's Hospital.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Anna Köttgen1, Anna Köttgen2, Cristian Pattaro3, Carsten A. Böger4, Christian Fuchsberger3, Matthias Olden4, Nicole L. Glazer5, Afshin Parsa6, Xiaoyi Gao7, Qiong Yang8, Albert V. Smith9, Jeffrey R. O'Connel, Man Li1, Helena Schmidt, Toshiko Tanaka10, Toshiko Tanaka11, Aaron Isaacs12, Shamika Ketkar7, Shih-Jen Hwang11, Andrew D. Johnson11, Abbas Dehghan12, Alexander Teumer13, Guillaume Paré14, Elizabeth J. Atkinson15, Tanja Zeller16, Kurt Lohman17, Marilyn C. Cornelis18, Nicole Probst-Hensch19, Nicole Probst-Hensch20, Florian Kronenberg21, Anke Tönjes22, Caroline Hayward23, Thor Aspelund9, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Lenore J. Launer11, Tamara B. Harris11, Evadnie Rampersaud, Braxton D. Mitchel, Dan E. Arking1, Eric Boerwinkle24, Maksim Struchalin12, Margherita Cavalieri, Andrew B. Singleton11, Francesco Giallauria, Jeffrey Metter, Ian H. de Boer5, Talin Haritunians25, Thomas Lumley5, David S. Siscovick5, Bruce M. Psaty5, M. CarolaZillikens12, Ben A. Oostra12, Mary F. Feitosa7, Michael A. Province7, Mariza de Andrade15, Stephen T. Turner15, Arne Schillert3, Andreas Ziegler3, Philipp S. Wild16, Renate B. Schnabel16, Sandra Wilde16, Thomas Münzel16, Tennille S. Leak26, Thomas Illig, Norman Klopp, Christa Meisinger, H.-Erich Wichmann27, Wolfgang Koenig28, Lina Zgaga29, Tatijana Zemunik30, Ivana Kolcic31, Cosetta Minelli3, Frank B. Hu18, Åsa Johansson32, Wilmar Igl32, Ghazal Zaboli32, Sarah H. Wild29, Alan F. Wright23, Harry Campbell29, David Ellinghaus33, Stefan Schreiber33, Yurii S. Aulchenko12, Janine F. Felix12, Fernando Rivadeneira12, André G. Uitterlinden12, Albert Hofman12, Medea Imboden19, Medea Imboden20, Dorothea Nitsch34, Anita Brandstätter21, Barbara Kollerits21, Lyudmyla Kedenko, Reedik Mägi35, Michael Stumvoll22, Peter Kovacs22, Mladen Boban30, Susan Campbell23, Karlhans Endlich13, Henry Völzke13, Heyo K. Kroemer13, Matthias Nauck13, Uwe Völker13, Ozren Polasek31, Veronique Vitart23, Sunita Badola36, Alex Parker36, Paul M. Ridker18, Sharon L.R. Kardia37, Stefan Blankenberg16, Yongmei Liu17, Gary C. Curhan18, Andre Franke33, Thierry Rochat38, Bernhard Paulweber, Inga Prokopenko35, Wei Wang39, Wei Wang30, Vilmundur Gudnason9, Alan R. Shuldine6, Josef Coresh1, Reinhold E. Schmidt, Luigi Ferrucci, Michael G. Shlipak40, Cornelia M. van Duijn12, Ingrid B. Borecki7, Bernhard K. Krämer41, Igor Rudan29, Ulf Gyllensten32, James F. Wilson29, Jacqueline C. M. Witteman12, Peter P. Pramstaller3, Rainer Rettig13, Nicholas D. Hastie23, Daniel I. Chasman18, Wen Hong L. Kao1, Iris M. Heid4, Caroline S. Fox18, Caroline S. Fox11 
TL;DR: The CKDGen consortium performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 67,093 individuals of European ancestry to identify new susceptibility loci for reduced renal function as estimated by serum creatinine, serum cystatin c and CKD.
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem, and recent genetic studies have identified common CKD susceptibility variants. The CKDGen consortium performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 67,093 individuals of European ancestry from 20 predominantly population-based studies in order to identify new susceptibility loci for reduced renal function as estimated by serum creatinine (eGFRcrea), serum cystatin c (eGFRcys) and CKD (eGFRcrea < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2); n = 5,807 individuals with CKD (cases)). Follow-up of the 23 new genome-wide-significant loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)) in 22,982 replication samples identified 13 new loci affecting renal function and CKD (in or near LASS2, GCKR, ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA, PRKAG2, PIP5K1B, ATXN2, DACH1, UBE2Q2 and SLC7A9) and 7 loci suspected to affect creatinine production and secretion (CPS1, SLC22A2, TMEM60, WDR37, SLC6A13, WDR72 and BCAS3). These results further our understanding of the biologic mechanisms of kidney function by identifying loci that potentially influence nephrogenesis, podocyte function, angiogenesis, solute transport and metabolic functions of the kidney.

756 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity.
Abstract: Although diet and nutrition are widely believed to play an important part in the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, specific dietary factors have not been clearly defined. Much controversy exists about the relations between the amount and types of dietary fat and carbohydrate and the risk of diabetes. In this article, we review in detail the current evidence regarding the associations between different types of fats and carbohydrates and insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Our findings indicate that a higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and possibly long-chain n-3 fatty acids could be beneficial, whereas a higher intake of saturated fat and trans-fat could adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In dietary practice, exchanging nonhydrogenated polyunsaturated fat for saturated and trans-fatty acids could appreciably reduce risk of Type II diabetes. In addition, a low-glycaemic index diet with a higher amount of fiber and minimally processed whole grain products reduces glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and lowers the risk of Type II diabetes. Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity.

756 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity were strongly and positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality independently of body mass index and potential confounders.
Abstract: Background— Accumulating evidence indicates that abdominal adiposity is positively related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and some other diseases independently of overall adiposity. However, the association of premature death resulting from these diseases with abdominal adiposity has not been widely studied, and findings are inconsistent. Methods and Results— In a prospective cohort study of 44 636 women in the Nurses’ Health Study, associations of abdominal adiposity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were examined. During 16 years of follow-up, 3507 deaths were identified, including 751 cardiovascular deaths and 1748 cancer deaths. After adjustment for body mass index and potential confounders, the relative risks across the lowest to the highest waist circumference quintiles were 1.00, 1.11, 1.17, 1.31, and 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 1.98) for all-cause mortality; 1.00, 1.04, 1.04, 1.28, and 1.99 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.73) for CVD mortality; and 1.00, 1.18, 1.20, 1.34, and 1....

755 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Oct 2002-JAMA
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the amount, type, and intensity of physical activity in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among men among a cohort of 44,452 US men enrolled in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.
Abstract: ContextStudies have shown an inverse relationship between exercise and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but data on type and intensity are sparse.ObjectiveTo assess the amount, type, and intensity of physical activity in relation to risk of CHD among men.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort of 44 452 US men enrolled in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, followed up at 2-year intervals from 1986 through January 31, 1998, to assess potential CHD risk factors, identify newly diagnosed cases of CHD, and assess levels of leisure-time physical activity.Main Outcome MeasureIncident nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD occurring during the follow-up period.ResultsDuring 475 755 person-years, we documented 1700 new cases of CHD. Total physical activity, running, weight training, and rowing were each inversely associated with risk of CHD. The RRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) corresponding to quintiles of metabolic equivalent tasks (METs) for total physical activity adjusted for age, smoking, and other cardiovascular risk factors were 1.0, 0.90 (0.78-1.04), 0.87 (0.75-1.00), 0.83 (0.71-0.96), and 0.70 (0.59-0.82) (P<.001 for trend). Men who ran for an hour or more per week had a 42% risk reduction (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77) compared with men who did not run (P<.001 for trend). Men who trained with weights for 30 minutes or more per week had a 23% risk reduction (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.98) compared with men who did not train with weights (P = .03 for trend). Rowing for 1 hour or more per week was associated with an 18% risk reduction (RR, 0.82; 05% CI, 0.68-0.99). Average exercise intensity was associated with reduced CHD risk independent of the total volume of physical activity. The RRs (95% CIs) corresponding to moderate (4-6 METs) and high (6-12 METs) activity intensities were 0.94 (0.83-1.04) and 0.83 (0.72-0.97) compared with low activity intensity (<4 METs) (P = .02 for trend). A half-hour per day or more of brisk walking was associated with an 18% risk reduction (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.00). Walking pace was associated with reduced CHD risk independent of the number of walking hours.ConclusionsTotal physical activity, running, weight training, and walking were each associated with reduced CHD risk. Average exercise intensity was associated with reduced risk independent of the number of MET-hours spent in physical activity.

755 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A diet high in rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and low in cereal fiber is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

753 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: The role of vitamin D in skeletal and nonskeletal health is considered and strategies for the prevention and treatment ofitamin D deficiency are suggested.
Abstract: Once foods in the United States were fortified with vitamin D, rickets appeared to have been conquered, and many considered major health problems from vitamin D deficiency resolved. But vitamin D deficiency is common. This review considers the role of vitamin D in skeletal and nonskeletal health and suggests strategies for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.

11,849 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Abnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol, and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of myocardial infarction worldwide in both sexes and at all ages in all regions.

10,387 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This statement from the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is intended to provide up-to-date guidance for professionals on the diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome in adults.
Abstract: The metabolic syndrome has received increased attention in the past few years. This statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is intended to provide up-to-date guidance for professionals on the diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome in adults. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelated risk factors of metabolic origin— metabolic risk factors —that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).1 Patients with the metabolic syndrome also are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Another set of conditions, the underlying risk factors , give rise to the metabolic risk factors. In the past few years, several expert groups have attempted to set forth simple diagnostic criteria to be used in clinical practice to identify patients who manifest the multiple components of the metabolic syndrome. These criteria have varied somewhat in specific elements, but in general they include a combination of both underlying and metabolic risk factors. The most widely recognized of the metabolic risk factors are atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Individuals with these characteristics commonly manifest a prothrombotic state and a pro-inflammatory state as well. Atherogenic dyslipidemia consists of an aggregation of lipoprotein abnormalities including elevated serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB), increased small LDL particles, and a reduced level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). The metabolic syndrome is often referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause. Available data suggest that it truly is a syndrome, ie, a grouping of ASCVD risk factors, but one that probably has more than one cause. Regardless of cause, the syndrome identifies individuals at an elevated risk for ASCVD. The magnitude of the increased risk can vary according to which components of the syndrome are …

9,982 citations