다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.

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Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone, 404-8940292; fax, 404-894-0294; e-mail, mostafa.el-sayed@ chemistry.gatech.edu. † Case Western Reserve UniversitysMillis 2258. ‡ Phone, 216-368-5918; fax, 216-368-3006; e-mail, burda@case.edu. § Georgia Institute of Technology. 1025 Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025−1102

Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes.

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Honeycomb Carbon: A Review of Graphene

Energetic graphene oxide: Challenges and opportunities

Quantum wire lasers are generally fabricated through complex overgrowth processes with molecular beam epitaxy. The material systems of such overgrown quantum wires have been limited to Al−Ga−As−P, which leads to emission largely in the visible region. We describe a simple, one-step chemical vapor deposition process for making quantum wire lasers based on the Al−Ga−N system. A novel quantum-wire-in-optical-fiber (Qwof) nanostructure was obtained as a result of spontaneous Al−Ga−N phase separation at the nanometer scale in one dimension. The simultaneous excitonic and photonic confinement within these coaxial Qwof nanostructures leads to the first GaN-based quantum wire UV lasers with a relatively low threshold.

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Self-Organized GaN Quantum Wire UV Lasers

A solution-phase route for the preparation of single-crystalline iron phosphide nanorods and nanowires is reported. We have shown that the mixture of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and trioctylphosphine (TOP), which are commonly used as the solvents for semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis, is not entirely inert. In the current process, TOP, serving as phosphor source, reacts with Fe precursors to form FeP nanostructures with large aspect ratios. In addition, the experimental results show that both TOP and TOPO are necessary for the formation of FeP nanowires and their ratio appears to control the morphology of the produced FeP structures. A possible growth mechanism is discussed.

Solution-phase synthesis of single-crystalline iron phosphide nanorods/nanowires.

Near infrared-absorbing gold nanoplasmonic particles (GNPs) are used as optical switches of gene interference and are remotely controlled using light. We have tuned optical switches to a wavelength where cellular photodamage is minimized. Optical switches are functionalized with double-stranded oligonucleotides. At desired times and at specific intracellular locations, remote optical excitation is used to liberate gene-interfering oligonucleotides. We demonstrate a novel gene-interfering technique offering spatial and temporal control, which is otherwise impossible using conventional gene-interfering techniques.

Remote Optical Switch for Localized and Selective Control of Gene Interference

Electrochemically prepared Au nanorods were used as seeds for the overgrowth of thin shells of gold, silver, and palladium by using a mild reducing agent, ascorbic acid, in the presence of surfactants at ambient condition. The unique crystal facets of the starting nanorods results in anisotropic crystal overgrowth. The overgrowth rates along different crystallographical directions can be further regulated by adding foreign ions or by using different metal reduction methods. This overgrowth study provides insights on how different metal ions could be reduced preferentially on different Au nanorod surfaces, so that the composition, aspect ratio, shape, and facet of the resulting nanostructures can be rationally tuned. These surfactant-stabilized bimetallic Au(core)M(shell) (M=Au, Ag, Pd) nanorod colloids might serve as better substrates in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy as well as exhibiting enhanced catalytic properties.

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Franklin Kim

Papers

Energetic graphene oxide: Challenges and opportunities

Self-Organized GaN Quantum Wire UV Lasers

Solution-phase synthesis of single-crystalline iron phosphide nanorods/nanowires.

Remote Optical Switch for Localized and Selective Control of Gene Interference

Crystal Overgrowth on Gold Nanorods: Tuning the Shape, Facet, Aspect Ratio, and Composition of the Nanorods