Franz W. Gatzweiler

Bio: Franz W. Gatzweiler is an academic researcher from University of Bonn. The author has contributed to research in topics: Eastern european & Sustainability. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 40 publications receiving 1269 citations. Previous affiliations of Franz W. Gatzweiler include Humboldt University of Berlin.

Comparison of empirical methods for building agent-based models in land use science

Abstract: The use of agent-based models (ABMs) for investigating land-use science questions has been increasing dramatically over the last decade. Modelers have moved from ‘proofs of existence’ toy models to case-specific, multi-scaled, multi-actor, and data-intensive models of land-use and land-cover change. An international workshop, titled ‘Multi-Agent Modeling and Collaborative Planning—Method2Method Workshop’, was held in Bonn in 2005 in order to bring together researchers using different data collection approaches to informing agent-based models. Participants identified a typology of five approaches to empirically inform ABMs for land use science: sample surveys, participant observation, field and laboratory experiments, companion modeling, and GIS and remotely sensed data. This paper reviews these five approaches to informing ABMs, provides a corresponding case study describing the model usage of these approaches, the types of data each approach produces, the types of questions those data can answer, and an ...

Marginality: Addressing the Root Causes of Extreme Poverty

Abstract: The need to address extreme poverty from the perspective of marginality arises from the frustration that the number of the poorest and hungry remains unacceptably high. This triggered the call for an innovative approach from the side of science and action.The conceptual and analytical framework developed here views marginality as a root cause of extreme poverty. We define marginality as an involuntary position and condition of an individual or group at the edge of social, economic, and ecological systems, preventing the access to resources, assets, services, restraining freedom of choice, preventing the development of capabilities, and causing extreme poverty.Causal complexes tie the marginalized poor in systems from which they want to escape or in which they want to improve their lives. The rural and agricultural context is of particular relevance here, as we assume that large segments of the extreme poor live in rural areas. The poorest themselves have described their situation, for instance, as being trapped in a “complex knot which can lead to further knots if the wrong threads are pulled.”While poverty is objectively a matter of absolute deficiencies, we explain why the way in which poverty is perceived by the poor themselves requires looking at poverty as a relative, subjective, dynamic and systemic phenomenon. We conceptualize marginality as patterns of causal complexes in societal and spatial dimensions. These causal complexes can, for instance, comprise different types of livelihood systems or different types of poverty traps. They include proximate as well as underlying causes of extreme poverty and specifically address social exclusion, restrained access to assets, opportunities and transport, communication and public services infrastructure.An analytical framework is developed, outlining the various steps required for the analysis of marginality in a systematic, re‐iterative and participatory manner, involving those affected by extreme poverty themselves. From each causal complex of marginality, leverage points can be identified which match with specific intervention packages, relevant for livelihood management, policy formulation and implementation. The approach to the investigation of extreme poverty is applied and relevant for managing change towards inclusive development. Points of entry for public and private investments are being identified.

Marginality : Addressing the Nexus of Poverty, Exclusion and Ecology

Abstract: 1 Marginality-An Overview and Implications for Policy Joachim von Braun and Franz W. Gatzweiler Part 1 Concepts and Theory 2 Marginality-A Framework for Analyzing Causal Complexities of Poverty Franz W. Gatzweiler and Heike Baumuller 3 Exclusion and Initiatives to "Include": Revisiting Basic Economics to Guide Development Practice Sajjad Zohir 4 Marginality from a Socio-ecological Perspective Daniel Callo-Concha, Jan Henning Sommer, Janina Kleemann, Franz W. Gatzweiler, and Manfred Denich Part 2 Dimensions and Prevalence of Marginality 5 Mapping Marginality Hotspots Valerie Graw and Christine Husmann 6 The Poorest: Who and Where They Are? Akhter U. Ahmed, Ruth Vargas Hill, and Farria Naeem 7 Targeting the Poorest and Most Vulnerable: Examples from Bangladesh Nusha Yamina Choudhury and Christa Rader 8 Correlates of Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia Degnet Abebaw Ejigie and Assefa Admassie 9 Examining the Circle of Attachment, Trauma, Shame, and Marginalization: the Unheard Voices of Young Kutchi Girls Manasi Kumar Part 3 Environmental Drivers of Marginality 10 Poverty, Agriculture and the Environment: the Case of Sub-Saharan Africa Prabhu Pingali, Kate Schneider, and Monika Zurek 11 The Marginal Poor and their Dependence on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa Pushpam Kumar and Makiko Yashiro 12 Land Degradation, Poverty, and Marginality Nicolas Gerber, Ephraim Nkonya, and Joachim von Braun Part 4 Experiencing Marginality in Africa and Asia 13 Tackling Social Exclusion and Marginality for Poverty Reduction: Indian Experiences Sukhadeo Thorat 14 Consumption Behavior of the Poorest and Policy Implications in Indonesia Evita Hanie Pangaribowo 15 Addressing Extreme Poverty and Marginality: Experiences in Rural China Ling Zhu 16 Experiences in Targeting the Poorest: a Case Study from Bangladesh Syed Masud Ahmed 17 Rural Poverty and Marginalization in Ethiopia: a Review of Development Interventions Assefa Admassie and Degnet Abebaw Part 5 Responses to Marginality at Different Levels: State, Business, and Community 18 Macro, Fiscal, and Decentralization Options to Address Marginality and Reach the Extremely Poor S. Ehtisham Ahmad 19 Social Protection, Marginality, and Extreme Poverty: Just Give Money to the Poor? David Hulme, Joe Hanlon, and Armando Barrientos 20 Innovative Business Approaches for the Reduction of Extreme Poverty and Marginality? Heike Baumuller, Christine Husmann, and Joachim von Braun 21 Business Initiatives that Overcome Rural Poverty and Marginality Through Creating Shared Value Niels Christiansen 22 The Marginalized and Poorest in Different Communities and Settings of Ethiopia Tadesse Woldemariam Gole, Fite Getaneh Ilfata, Motuma Tafa, and Aleka Aregachew

Institutional Environments for Enabling Agricultural Technology Innovations: The Role of Land Rights in Ethiopia, Ghana, India and Bangladesh

Abstract: Land rights are essential assets for improving the livelihoods of the rural poor. This literature based paper shed light to some land rights issues that are crucial for the effectiveness and sustainability of implementing technological innovations in marginalized rural areas of Ethiopia, Ghana, India and Bangladesh. By analysing country specific land right regimes, this paper aims to understand what institutional conditions might constitute barriers to the effective implementation of technological innovations and how they might be overcome. Land rights issues considered in this paper include public and private ownership of land in Ethiopia, customary and statutory law in Ghana, and gender equality and land rights in India and Bangladesh. A better understanding of institutional barriers for the effective implementation of technological innovations is a precondition for complementing technological with enabling institutional innovations and for improving priority setting, targeting and sequencing in the implementation of productivity increasing development measures.

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

Abstract: The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

Abstract: The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.