Freddy Jontara Hutapea

Bio: Freddy Jontara Hutapea is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Environmental science & Tree (set theory). The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 4 publications receiving 9 citations.

Can Humans and Elephants Coexist? A Review of the Conflict on Sumatra Island, Indonesia

Abstract: The high rate of deforestation and fragmentation of elephant habitat on Sumatra Island has triggered human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. This conflict brings negative impacts on humans and elephants. Despite numerous efforts having been made to solve this problem, the HEC continues to occur in the remaining elephant enclave every year. The harmonious coexistence between humans and elephants could be improved through HEC mitigation programs. The aim of this paper was to review information on HEC in Sumatra Island, investigate the causes and implications of HEC, review existing HEC mitigation methods, and formulate strategies to improve the harmonious coexistence between humans and elephants. The best strategies to create successful human and elephant coexistence are strengthening the institutions and policies, restoring the habitat, developing wildlife corridors, establishing Essential Ecosystem Areas (EEA), community empowerment through ecotourism, providing legal access to forests through Social Forestry (SF), and providing compensation schemes for conflict victims.

Analysis of Vulnerability Levels to the Flash Flood Based on Social Economic and Institutional Factors in Wasior, Teluk Wondama, West Papua

Abstract: One form of disaster mitigation is to know the vulnerability of areas that are at risk of disaster socially and economically Studies on vulnerability to flash floods are necessary, as it might prevent material losses and fatalities Wasior District at Teluk Wondama Regency experienced a flash flood in 2010 causing negative impacts such as fatalities and large material losses To anticipate flash floods that might occur in the future, studies to evaluate the vulnerability to the flash flood are needed This study aimed to: 1) analyze the level of vulnerability to flash floods in Wasior based on socioeconomic factors post the 2010 flash floods, 2) analyze the level of vulnerability to flash floods in Wasior based on institutional factors The method used in this study was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods Data collection was conducted by observation, interview, and documentation Data were analyzed by: 1) identifying the socioeconomic indicators of the community and institutions around the watershed, 2) providing weighting scores to the social economic criteria and institutional criteria from the most vulnerable to the least vulnerable, 3) assessing the level of community and institution vulnerabilities in the study site to the impact of flash floods based on the calculation of the weighting scores of socio-economic and institutional indicators The results showed that the level of socioeconomic vulnerability to flash floods were categorized as moderate (total score 2084), while the level of institutional vulnerability was low (total score 2251) The results of this study can be used as a basis for considerations in the implementation of flash flood mitigation in Wasior Keywords: vulnerabilities, social, economic, institutional, flash flood

POTENSI DAN SEBARAN MASOI (Cryptocarya massoy) DI PAPUA BARAT

Abstract: Masoi ( Cryptocarya massoy ) merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan penghasil HHBK unggulan Papua. Tumbuhan ini mengandung senyawa masoilakton yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk industri makanan, kosmetik, dan obat-obatan. Sampai saat ini, permintaan terhadap masoi masih sangat tinggi. Sementara itu, pasokan masoi pada pasar internasional masih didominasi oleh masoi dari Papua. Hal ini mengakibatkan terjadinya eksploitasi berlebih terhadap masoi di alam. Bila kondisi ini terus berlanjut, masoi dikhawatirkan akan punah dimasa depan. Sampai saat ini, informasi mengenai potensi masoi di hutan alam belum tersedia dengan baik. Oleh sebab itu, berbagai studi yang dapat menggambarkan keberadaan masoi di hutan alam Papua masih sangat diperlukan. Studi ini diperlukan dalam upaya mendorong perbaikan pengelolaan masoi di Papua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan sebaran masoi di Papua. Survei potensi masoi dilaksanakan di PT. Yotefa Sarana Timber di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni dan PT. Wanakayu Hasilindo di Kabupaten Kaimana, menggunakan metode line plot sampling . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi masoi di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni lebih tinggi daripada Kabupaten Kaimana. Potensi masoi di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni adalah 1.593 individu/ha, yang terdiri dari semai (1.500 individu/ha) dan pancang (93 individu/ha). Potensi masoi di Kabupaten Kaimana hanya sekitar 871 individu/ha, yang terdiri dari semai (750 individu/ha), pancang (120 individu/ha), dan pohon (1 individu/ha). Keberadaan masoi pada tingkat tiang dan pohon sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan karena aktivitas pemanenan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat lokal. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa masoi tumbuh tersebar dan jarang mengelompok. Masoi tumbuh pada ketinggian 50-500 mdpl (Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni) dan 50-1.100 mdpl (Kabupaten Kaimana).

Kemampuan sepuluh strain jamur melapukkan empat jenis kayu asal manokwari

Abstract: Kemampuan jamur melapukkan kayu bervariasi berdasarkan strain jamurnya. Tujuan penelitian ini mempelajari kemampuan sepuluh strain jamur pelapuk terhadap empat jenis kayu dari Manokwari. Contoh kayu yang diuji menggunakan metode Kolle flask mengacu pada SNI 7207: 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Chaetomium globosum dan Lentinus lepideus termasuk kelompok jamur yang memiliki kemampuan melapukkan kayu rendah, empat jenis jamur yaitu Schizophyllum commune, Trametes sp. HHBI-379, Trametes sp. HHBI-332, Phlebia brevispora berkemampuan sedang, adapun yang termasuk kelompok jamur berkemampuan melapukkan tinggi yaitu Polyporus arcularius, Polyporus sp., Pycnoporus sanguineus dan Tyromyces palustris. Kehilangan berat kayu tertinggi didapatkan pada kayu gubal Rhus taitensis yang diumpankan pada Polyporus sp., sedangkan kehilangan berat terendah tercatat pada kayu teras Haplolobus sp. yang diumpankan pada L. lepideus. Berdasarkan klasifikasi ketahanan kayu terhadap serangan jamur pelapuk, maka tiga jenis kayu yaitu Tetrameles nudiflora, Rhus taitensis, Pimeleodendron amboinicum termasuk kelompok kayu tidak-tahan (kelas IV), dan Haplolobus sp. termasuk kelompok kayu tahan terhadap jamur pelapuk (kelas II).

Current and Future Approaches to Mitigate Conflict between Humans and Asian Elephants: The Potential Use of Aversive Geofencing Devices

Abstract: Simple Summary Conflict between humans and Asian elephants is a major conservation issue. Here we discuss common tools used to manage human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Asia and the potential of animal-borne satellite-linked shock collars or Aversive Geofencing Devices (AGDs) for managing problem elephants. Most current HEC mitigation tools lack the ability to be modified to accommodate needs of elephants and therefore are sometimes unsuccessful. AGDs currently used to manage livestock movement can be adapted to mitigate HEC to overcome this problem. AGDs can constantly monitor animal movements and be programmed to deliver sound warnings followed by electric shock whenever animals attempt to move across virtual boundaries demarcated by managers. Elephants fitted with AGDs are expected to learn to avoid the electric shock by associating it with the warning sound and move away from specified areas. Based on the potential shown by studies conducted using AGDs on other wild species, we suggest that experiments should be conducted with captive elephants to determine the efficacy and welfare impact of AGDs on elephants. Further, assessing public opinion on using AGDs on elephants will also be important. If elephants can learn to avoid virtual boundaries set by AGDs, it could help to significantly reduce HEC incidents. Abstract Asian elephants are a principal cause of human-wildlife conflict. This results in the death/injury of elephants and humans and large-scale crop and property damage. Most current human-elephant conflict (HEC) mitigation tools lack the flexibility to accommodate the ecological needs of elephants and are ineffective at reducing HEC in the long-term. Here we review common HEC mitigation tools used in Asia and the potential of Aversive Geofencing Devices (AGDs) to manage problem elephants. AGDs can be configured to monitor animal movements in real-time and deliver auditory warnings followed by electric stimuli whenever animals attempt to move across user-specified virtual boundaries. Thus, AGDs are expected to condition elephants to avoid receiving shocks and keep them away from virtually fenced areas, while providing alternative routes that can be modified if required. Studies conducted using AGDs with other species provide an overview of their potential in conditioning wild animals. We recommend that the efficacy and welfare impact of AGDs be evaluated using captive elephants along with public perception of using AGDs on elephants as a means of addressing the inherent deficiencies of common HEC mitigation tools. If elephants could be successfully conditioned to avoid virtual fences, then AGDs could resolve many HEC incidents throughout Asia.

Towards Effective Implementation of the EU Environmental Crime Directive? The Case of Illegal Waste Management and Trafficking Offences

Abstract: The adoption of the European Union (EU) Environmental Crime Directive in 2008 marks a significant step in the European Union’s process of integration. The Directive is unique in creating a supranational legal framework for harmonizing environmental criminal law. Yet there are a number of deficiencies in the Directive which may compromise its effective implementation and enforcement by the Member States. Particularly noteworthy is that the Directive does not define specific types and levels of penalties or any rules on prosecution or jurisdiction. This article analyses the main features of the illegal waste management and trafficking offences and penalties under the Environmental Crime Directive and surveys the implementation of those offences by specific EU Member States. It aims to make a broader assessment of the consistency and effectiveness of the implementation of the Directive, assessing the implications that it may have on the enforcement of environmental law in the Member States.

Ketahanan enam jenis kayu terhadap jamur pelapuk

Abstract: Enam jenis kayu kurang dikenal yaitu kayu huru kacang (Neolitsea triplinervia Merr.), beleketebe (Sloaneasigun Szysz.), tunggereuk (Castanopsis tunggurrut A.DC.), ki endog (Acer niveumBl.), huru mentek (Linderapolyantha Boerl.) dan mimba (Azadirachta indica Juss.), diuji ketahanannya terhadap jamur menggunakan metode Kolle-flash. Contoh uji setiap kayu diambil dari bagian luar dan dalam dolok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. indicadikelompokkan ke dalam kayu tahan (kelas II), C. tunggurrut dan L. polyanthatermasuk kelompok kayu agak-tahan (kelas III), sedangkan N. triplinervia,S. sigun dan A. niveum termasuk kelompok kayu tidak-tahan (kelas IV). Kehilangan berat kayu bagian dalam lebih rendah yaitu 8,26% (termasuk kelas III) dibandingkan dengan kayu bagian luar dolok yaitu 12,40%, yang termasuk dalam kelompok kayu tidak-tahan (kelas IV). Kehilangan berat tertinggi terjadi pada bagian tepi kayu N. triplinervia yang diuji dengan P. sanguineus HHB-324 yaitu 54,8%.

Development Strategies of Oelsonbai Research Center Scientific Tourism in KHDTK Oelsonbai Kupang

Abstract: Oelsonbai Research Center is one of the management instruments of Forest Area for Specific Purposes (Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus) Oelsonbai to help promote research and development results bundled in scientific tourism package. The Oelsonbai Research Center development was still new, so this research aimed to determine development strategies of the Oelsonbai Research Center scientific tourism in forest area for specific purposes Oelsonbai. This research was conducted from June to July 2021. The research methods used were interviews using questionnaires on 33 respondents, field observation, in-depth interviews with the administrators, and Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis. The results indicated that Oelsonbai Research Center could develop into a tourism area. Therefore, strategies to develop the Oelsonbai Research Center are proposed in this research. The proposed strategies are: developing the potential of the area with better quality tourism objects, executing the created forest area and scientific tourism attraction planning, increasing socialization and promotion activities with digital media, increasing collaborative relations between researchers and other researchers and academics in education, research and scientific tourism, involving the community in tourism activities by establishing business institutions such as cooperatives and establishing cooperation with other parties in developing the Oelsonbai Research Center scientific tourism. Keywords: Natural tourism, Oelsonbai Research Center, Scientific tourism, SWOT analysis, Tourism