Frédéric Hatert

Bio: Frédéric Hatert is an academic researcher from University of Liège. The author has contributed to research in topics: Pegmatite & Crystal structure. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 254 publications receiving 2561 citations. Previous affiliations of Frédéric Hatert include Ruhr University Bochum.

The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals

Abstract: A simplified definition of a mineral group is given on the basis of structural and compositional aspects. Then a hier- archical scheme for group nomenclature and mineral classification is introduced and applied to recent nomenclature proposals. A new procedure has been put in place in order to facilitate the future proposal and naming of new mineral groups within the IMA-CNMNC framework.

The ima–cnmnc dominant-constituent rule revisited and extended

Abstract: Mineralogical nomenclature in solid-solution series follows a system that has been called the 50% rule, more correctly the 100%/ n rule or the dominant-constituent rule, in which the constituents are atoms (cations or anions), molecular groups, or vacancies. Recently developed systems of nomenclature for the arrojadite and epidote groups have shown that a group of atoms with the same valency state must also be considered as a single constituent to avoid the creation of impossible end-member formulae. The extension with this dominant-valency rule is imposed by all cases of coupled heterovalent–homovalent substitutions. End members with a valency-imposed double site-occupancy may result from single-site heterovalent substitutions and from coupled heterovalent substitutions at two sites where there is a disparity in the number of these two sites.

The IMA-CNMNC dominant-constituent rule revisited and extended

Abstract: Mineralogical nomenclature in solid-solution series follows a system that has been called the 50% rule, more correctly the 100%/ n rule or the dominant-constituent rule, in which the constituents are atoms (cations or anions), molecular groups, or vacancies. Recently developed systems of nomenclature for the arrojadite and epidote groups have shown that a group of atoms with the same valency state must also be considered as a single constituent to avoid the creation of impossible end-member formulae. The extension with this dominant-valency rule is imposed by all cases of coupled heterovalent–homovalent substitutions. End members with a valency-imposed double site-occupancy may result from single-site heterovalent substitutions and from coupled heterovalent substitutions at two sites where there is a disparity in the number of these two sites.

Vivianite formation and distribution in Lake Baikal sediments

Abstract: In an effort to better understand vivianite formation processes, four Lake Baikal sediment cores spanning two to four interglacial stages in the northern, central and southern basins and under various biogeochemical environments are scrutinized. The vivianite-rich layers were detected by anomalous P-enrichments in bulk geochemistry and visually by observations on X-radiographs. The millimetric concretions of vivianite were isolated by sieving and analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), microprobe, infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry (ICP-AES, ICP-MS). All the vivianites display similar morphological, mineralogical and geochemical signature, suggesting a common diagenetic origin. Their geochemical signature is sensitive to secondary alteration where vivianite concretions are gradually transformed from the rim to the center into an amorphous santabarbaraite phase with a decreasing Mn content. We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of the concretions in order to determine the primary parameters controlling the vivianite formation, e.g., lithology, sedimentation rates, and porewater chemistry. We conclude that vivianite formation in Lake Baikal is mainly controlled by porewater chemistry and sedimentation rates, and it is not a proxy for lacustrine paleoproductivity. Vivianite accumulation is not restricted to areas of slow sedimentation rates (e.g., Academician and Continent ridges). At the site of relatively fast sedimentation rate, i.e., the Posolsky Bank near the Selenga Delta, vivianite production may be more or less related to the Selenga River inputs. It could be also indirectly related to the past intensive methane escapes from the sediments. While reflecting an early diagenetic signal, the source of P and Fe porewater for vivianites genesis is still unclear.

New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013

Abstract: The information given here is provided by the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification for comparative purposes and as a service to mineralogists working on new species. Each mineral is described in the following format: Mineral name, if the authors agree on its release prior to the full description appearing in press Chemical formula Type locality Full authorship of proposal E-mail address of corresponding author Relationship to other minerals Crystal system, Space group; Structure determined, yes or no Unit-cell parameters Strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern Type specimen repository and specimen number Citation details for the mineral prior to publication of full description Citation details concern the fact that this information will be published in the Mineralogical Magazine on a routine basis, as well as being added month by month to the Commission's web site. It is still a requirement for the authors to publish a full description of the new mineral. NO OTHER INFORMATION WILL BE RELEASED BY THE COMMISSION IMA No. 2013-059 Grandaite Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH) La Valletta mine, Vallone della Valletta, Piedmont, Italy (44°23′542′ N 7°542′ E) Fernando Camara*, Marco E. Ciriotti, Erica Bittarello, Fabrizio Nestola, Fabio Bellatreccia, Federico Massimi, Francesco Radica, Emanuele Costa, Piera Benna and Gian Carlo Piccoli *E-mail: fernando.camaraartigas@unito.it Brackebuschite supergroup Monoclinic: P 21/ m ; structure determined a = 7.5764(5), b = 5.9507(4), c = 8.8050(6) A, β = 112.551(2)° 3.194(100), 2.981(51), 2.922(40), 2.743(31), 2.705(65), 2.087(52), 1.685(25), 1.663(13) Type material is deposited in the collections of the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Sezione di Mineralogia, Petrografia e Geologia, Torino, Italy, catalogue number M/15999, and Museo Civico Archeologico e di Scienze Naturali “Federico Eusebio”, Alba, Cuneo, Italy, catalogue number G. 1723 prog. 505 How to cite: Camara, F., Ciriotti, M.E., Bittarello, E., …

Polyanionic (phosphates, silicates, sulfates) frameworks as electrode materials for rechargeable Li (or Na) batteries.

Abstract: For more than 20 years, most of the technological achievements for the realization of positive electrodes for practical rechargeable Li battery systems have been devoted to transition metal oxides such as LixMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn), LixMn2O4, LixV2O5, or LixV3O8. The first two classes of materials built on close-packed oxygen stacking adopt bidimensional and tridimensional crystal structures, respectively (Figure 1), from which lithium ions may be easily intercalated or extracted in a reversible manner. These oxides are reasonably good ionic and electronic conductors, and lithium insertion/extraction proceeds while operating on the M4+/M3+ redox couple, located between 4 and 5 V versus Li+/Li...

Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup

Abstract: A new classification and nomenclature scheme for the amphibole-supergroup minerals is described, based on the general formula AB 2 C 5 T 8 O 22 W 2 , where A = □, Na, K, Ca, Pb, Li; B = Na, Ca, Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mg, Li; C = Mg, Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Al, Fe 3+ , Mn 3+ , Ti 4+ , Li; T = Si, Al, Ti 4+ , Be; W = (OH), F, Cl, O 2− . Distinct arrangements of formal charges at the sites (or groups of sites) in the amphibole structure warrant distinct root names , and are, by implication, distinct species; for a specific root name, different homovalent cations (e.g., Mg vs. Fe 2+ ) or anions (e.g., OH vs. F) are indicated by prefixes (e.g., ferro-, fluoro-). The classification is based on the A, B, and C groups of cations and the W group of anions, as these groups show the maximum compositional variability in the amphibole structure. The amphibole supergroup is divided into two groups according to the dominant W species: W (OH,F,Cl)-dominant amphiboles and W O-dominant amphiboles (oxo-amphiboles). Amphiboles with (OH, F, Cl) dominant at W are divided into eight subgroups according to the dominant charge-arrangements and type of B-group cations: magnesium-iron-manganese amphiboles, calcium amphiboles, sodium-calcium amphiboles, sodium amphiboles, lithium amphiboles, sodium-(magnesium-iron-manganese) amphiboles, lithium-(magnesium-iron-manganese) amphiboles and lithium-calcium amphiboles. Within each of these subgroups, the A- and C-group cations are used to assign specific names to specific compositional ranges and root compositions. Root names are assigned to distinct arrangements of formal charges at the sites, and prefixes are assigned to describe homovalent variation in the dominant ion of the root composition. For amphiboles with O dominant at W, distinct root-compositions are currently known for four (calcium and sodium) amphiboles, and homovalent variation in the dominant cation is handled as for the W (OH,F,Cl)-dominant amphiboles. With this classification, we attempt to recognize the concerns of each constituent community interested in amphiboles and incorporate these into this classification scheme. Where such concerns conflict, we have attempted to act in accord with the more important concerns of each community.

Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals

Abstract: A nomenclature for tourmaline-supergroup minerals is based on chemical systematics using the generalized tourmaline structural formula: XY3 Z6(T6O18)(BO3)3V3W where the common ions at each site are X = Na1+, Ca2+, K1+ and vacancy; Y = Fe2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Li1+, Fe3+ and Cr3+; Z = Al3+, Fe3+, Mg2+ and Cr3+; T = Si4+, Al3+ and B3+; B = B3+; V = OH1- and O2-; and W = OH1-, F1- and O2-. Most compositional variability occurs at the X, Y, Z, W and V sites.

Nomenclature of the hydrotalcite supergroup: natural layered double hydroxides

Abstract: Layered double hydroxide (LDH) compounds are characterized by structures in which layers with a brucite-like structure carry a net positive charge, usually due to the partial substitution of trivalent octahedrally coordinated cations for divalent cations, giving a general layer formula [(M 1–x 2+ M 3+ x )(OH)2] x+. This positive charge is balanced by anions which are intercalated between the layers. Intercalated molecular water typically provides hydrogen bonding between the brucite layers. In addition to synthetic compounds, some of which have significant industrial applications, more than 40 mineral species conform to this description. Hydrotalcite, Mg6Al2(OH)16[CO3]·4H2O, as the longest-known example, is the archetype of this supergroup of minerals. We review the history, chemistry, crystal structure, polytypic variation and status of all hydrotalcite-supergroup species reported to date. The dominant divalent cations, M 2+, that have been reported in hydrotalcite supergroup minerals are Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn; the dominant trivalent cations, M 3+, are Al, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. The most common intercalated anions are (CO3)2–, (SO4)2– and Cl–; and OH–, S2– and [Sb(OH)6]– have also been reported. Some species contain intercalated cationic or neutral complexes such as [Na(H2O)6]+ or [MgSO4]0. We define eight groups within the supergroup on the basis of a combination of criteria. These are (1) the hydrotalcite group, with M 2+:M 3+ = 3:1 (layer spacing ∼7.8 A); (2) the quintinite group, with M 2+:M 3+ = 2:1 (layer spacing ∼7.8 A); (3) the fougerite group, with M 2+ = Fe2+, M 3+ = Fe3+ in a range of ratios, and with O2– replacing OH– in the brucite module to maintain charge balance (layer spacing ∼7.8 A); (4) the woodwardite group, with variable M 2+:M 3+ and interlayer [SO4]2 –, leading to an expanded layer spacing of ∼8.9 A; (5) the cualstibite group, with interlayer [Sb(OH)6]– and a layer spacing of ∼9.7 A; (6) the glaucocerinite group, with interlayer [SO4]2– as in the woodwardite group, and with additional interlayer H2O molecules that further expand the layer spacing to ∼11 A; (7) the wermlandite group, with a layer spacing of ∼11 A, in which cationic complexes occur with anions between the brucite-like layers; and (8) the hydrocalumite group, with M 2+ = Ca2+ and M 3+ = Al, which contains brucite-like layers in which the Ca:Al ratio is 2:1 and the large cation, Ca2+, is coordinated to a seventh ligand of 'interlayer' water. The principal mineral status changes are as follows. (1) The names manasseite, sjogrenite and barbertonite are discredited; these minerals are the 2H polytypes of hydrotalcite, pyroaurite and stichtite, respectively. Cyanophyllite is discredited as it is the 1M polytype of cualstibite. (2) The mineral formerly described as fougerite has been found to be an intimate intergrowth of two phases with distinct Fe2+:Fe3+ ratios. The phase with Fe2+:Fe3+ = 2:1 retains the name fougerite; that with Fe2+:Fe3+ = 1:2 is defined as the new species trebeurdenite. (3) The new minerals omsite (IMA2012-025), Ni2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb(OH)6], and mossbauerite (IMA2012-049), Fe3+6O4(OH)8[CO3]·3H2O, which are both in the hydrotalcite supergroup are included in the discussion. (4) Jamborite, carrboydite, zincaluminite, motukoreaite, natroglaucocerinite, brugnatellite and muskoxite are identified as questionable species which need further investigation in order to verify their structure and composition. (5) The ranges of compositions currently ascribed to motukoreaite and muskoxite may each represent more than one species. The same applies to the approved species hydrowoodwardite and hydrocalumite. (6) Several unnamed minerals have been reported which are likely to represent additional species within the supergroup. This report has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association, voting proposal 12-B. We also propose a compact notation for identifying synthetic LDH phases, for use by chemists as a preferred alternative to the current widespread misuse of mineral names.