1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

Recent advances in integrative studies of locomotion have revealed several general principles. Energy storage and exchange mechanisms discovered in walking and running bipeds apply to multilegged locomotion and even to flying and swimming. Nonpropulsive lateral forces can be sizable, but they may benefit stability, maneuverability, or other criteria that become apparent in natural environments. Locomotor control systems combine rapid mechanical preflexes with multimodal sensory feedback and feedforward commands. Muscles have a surprising variety of functions in locomotion, serving as motors, brakes, springs, and struts. Integrative approaches reveal not only how each component within a locomotor system operates but how they function as a collective whole.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/288/5463/100.full.pdf

How Animals Move: An Integrative View

Recently developed flexible mechanosensors based on inorganic silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene platelets, pressure-sensitive rubber and self-powered devices are highly sensitive and can be applied to human skin. However, the development of a multifunctional sensor satisfying the requirements of ultrahigh mechanosensitivity, flexibility and durability remains a challenge. In nature, spiders sense extremely small variations in mechanical stress using crack-shaped slit organs near their leg joints. Here we demonstrate that sensors based on nanoscale crack junctions and inspired by the geometry of a spider's slit organ can attain ultrahigh sensitivity and serve multiple purposes. The sensors are sensitive to strain (with a gauge factor of over 2,000 in the 0-2 per cent strain range) and vibration (with the ability to detect amplitudes of approximately 10 nanometres). The device is reversible, reproducible, durable and mechanically flexible, and can thus be easily mounted on human skin as an electronic multipixel array. The ultrahigh mechanosensitivity is attributed to the disconnection-reconnection process undergone by the zip-like nanoscale crack junctions under strain or vibration. The proposed theoretical model is consistent with experimental data that we report here. We also demonstrate that sensors based on nanoscale crack junctions are applicable to highly selective speech pattern recognition and the detection of physiological signals. The nanoscale crack junction-based sensory system could be useful in diverse applications requiring ultrahigh displacement sensitivity.

Ultrasensitive mechanical crack-based sensor inspired by the spider sensory system

Nature has developed materials, objects and processes that function from the macroscale to the nanoscale. These have gone through evolution over 3.8Gyr. The emerging field of biomimetics allows one...

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2009.0011

Biomimetics: lessons from nature--an overview.

Living organisms use composite materials for various functions, such as mechanical support, protection, motility and the sensing of signals. Although the individual components of these materials may have poor mechanical qualities, they form composites of polymers and minerals with a remarkable variety of functional properties. Researchers are now using these natural systems as models for artificial mechanosensors and actuators, through studying both natural structures and their interactions with the environment. In addition to inspiring the design of new materials, analysis of natural structures on this basis can provide insight into evolutionary constraints on structure-function relationships in living organisms and the variety of structural solutions that emerged from these constraints.

Biomaterial systems for mechanosensing and actuation

The General Biology of Cupiennius: How it all Began. The Relatives: Who is Who? The Habitat. Daily Activity Rhythm. No Spider Without Poison.- Sensory Systems: The Special Significance of Mechanical Senses. The Measurement of Strain in the Exoskeleton. The Vibration Sense. Trichobothria - the Measurement of Air Movement. Proprioreception. The Eyes. Chemoreception. Hygro- and Thermoreception: Blumenthal's Tarsal Organ.- The Central Nervous System and Its Peripheral Nerves: The Central Nervous System. The Route for Afferent Inputs to the CNS. The Visual Systems in One Brain. Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators.- Senses and Behavior: Signposts to the Prey: Substrate Vibrations. Signposts to the Prey: Airflow Stimuli. Courtship and Vibratory Communication. Kinesthetic Orientation. Visual Targets. Raising the Body when Walking over an Obstacle. Locomotion and Leg Reflexes. Swinging to a New Plant: the Dispersal of the Spiderlings.

A Spider's World: Senses and Behavior

"This is an absolutely delightful book. Barth, an outstanding sensory physiologist, has written the story of the partnership between insects and flowers with a much needed emphasis on the insects' sensory world."--Bert Hlldobler, Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Harvard University "The author's style, excellently conveyed in translation, is sprightly and engaging. Numerous descriptions of experimental procedures and frequent references to the prominent investigators take the book beyond a facts-only' approach."--Alexander F. Motten, The Quarterly Review of Biology "The sometimes bizarre and fantastic ways in which flowers ensure pollination has been the material for numerous excellent books, most of them written from a botanical perspective. There is also, however, an equally interesting zoological side to the story.... Barth's book serves as an introduction to this world of insects and plants, highlighting many recent discoveries about their coevolution."--Bernd Heinrich, Orion Nature Quarterly "Wonderfully interesting.... This book should reach the hands of all kinds of biologists, nature enthusiasts, and those gardeners who wonder about the whys and hows of their growing plants."--Alma L. Moldenke, Phytologia "Once in a long while, a book comes along that is an unqualified delight. Insects and Flowers is such a book.... Examples of flower/insect partnerships are presented in lucid prose reminiscent of the best of Charles Darwin's expositions. This is scientific writing of an uncommonly high order."--R. F. Sutton, The Forestry Chronicle

Insects and Flowers: The Biology of a Partnership

A Spider’s World

A The Central Nervous System: Structure and Development.- I Patterns of Arrangement and Connectivity in the Central Nervous System of Arachnids.- II Ontogeny of the Arachnid Central Nervous System.- III The Stomatogastric Nervous System and Neurosecretion.- B Structure and Function of Sensory Systems.- Vision.- IV The Morphology and Optics of Spider Eyes.- V The Fine Structure of Spider Photoreceptors in Relation to Function.- VI Photoreceptor Cells in the Spider Eye: Spectral Sensitivity and Efferent Control.- Mechano- and Chemoreception.- VII Mechano- and Chemoreceptive Sensilla.- VIII Trichobothria.- IX Slit Sensilla and the Measurement of Cuticular Strains.- Sensory Nerves and Peripheral Synapses.- X Sensory Nerves and Peripheral Synapses.- C Senses and Behavior.- XI Neuroethology of the Spider Vibration Sense.- XII Spider Proprioception: Receptors, Reflexes, and Control of Locomotion.- XIII Target Discrimination in Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae).- XIV Homing Behavior and Orientation in the Funnel-Web Spider, Agelena labyrinthica Clerck.- XV Analytical Cybernetics of Spider Navigation.- D The Motor System.- XVI Neural Control of the Heartbeat and Skeletal Muscle in Spiders and Scorpions.- XVII Central and Peripheral Organization of Scorpion Locomotion.- E Neurobiology of a Biological Clock.- XVIII Neurobiology of a Circadian Clock in the Visual System of Scorpions.

Friedrich G. Barth

Papers

Biomaterial systems for mechanosensing and actuation

A Spider's World: Senses and Behavior

Insects and Flowers: The Biology of a Partnership

A Spider’s World

Neurobiology of Arachnids