scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

G. N. Rolinson

Bio: G. N. Rolinson is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Penicillin & Benzylpenicillin. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 12 publications receiving 717 citations.

Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
16 Jul 1960-Nature
TL;DR: It is found that enzymatic activity which brings about reaction (1) is fairly widespread among micro-organisms.
Abstract: WE have found that enzymatic activity which brings about reaction (1) is fairly widespread among micro-organisms :

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jul 1961-BMJ
TL;DR: Since penbritin is highly stable in acid medium it could be well absorbed orally, experiments were designed to investigate the serum concentrations and urinary excretions obtained with various oral doses of the new penicillin.
Abstract: \"Penbritin \" (6[D(-)-a-aminophenylacetamido]penicillanic acid; B.R.L. 1341) is a new penicillin derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, with a broad spectrum of activity against both Grampositive and Gram-negative organisms (for full microbiological details, see Rolinson and Stevens, 1961). This paper describes the investigations undertaken to determine a suitable dosage of penbritin for preliminary clinical trials. Since penbritin is highly stable in acid medium it could be well absorbed orally. Experiments were therefore designed to investigate the serum concentrations and urinary excretions obtained with various oral doses of the new penicillin.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Crystalline 6-aminopenicillanic acid was obtained by concentration of this ion exchange eluate and pH adjustment to the point of minimum solubility and further purification could be achieved by chromatography on a column of cellulose before proceeding with the crystallization step.
Abstract: Methods are described for the isolation of pure crystalline 6-aminopenicillanic acid from penicillin fermentation broth. With low potency fermentation broth it was found to be convenient to prepare a concentrate of the clarified broth before proceeding with other extraction methods. Negligible amounts of 6-aminopenicillanic acid could be extracted directly into organic solvents such as butanol or butyl acetate. Partial purification could be achieved by adsorption and elution from alumina and charcoal. Adsorption and elution from a suitable ion exchange resin proved more effective. Crystalline 6-aminopenicillanic acid was then obtained by concentration of this ion exchange eluate and pH adjustment to the point of minimum solubility. Alternatively, further purification of the ion exchange eluate could be achieved by chromatography on a column of cellulose before proceeding with the crystallization step. Some properties of the isolated 6-aminopenicillanic acid are also given.

71 citations


Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the early 1940s the introduction of benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) temporarily solved the problem of staphylococcal infections, but the continued use of this agent caused the selection of resistant strains, which produced penicillinase (β-lactamase).
Abstract: STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS is one of the most versatile human pathogens. In the late 1930s, sulfonamides offered the first challenge to S. aureus, but they failed because of their poor clinical performa...

976 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel β-lactamase inhibitor has been isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 and given the nameClavulanic acid, which resembles the nucleus of a penicillin but differs in having no acylamino side chain, having oxygen instead of sulfur, and containing a β-hydroxyethylidine substituent in the oxazolidine ring.
Abstract: A novel beta-lactamase inhibitor has been isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 and given the name clavulanic acid. Conditions for the cultivation of the organism and detection and isolation of clavulanic acid are described. This compound resembles the nucleus of a penicillin but differs in having no acylamino side chain, having oxygen instead of sulfur, and containing a beta-hydroxyethylidine substituent in the oxazolidine ring. Clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of many beta-lactamases, including those found in Escherichia coli (plasmid mediated), Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, the inhibition being of a progressive type. The cephalosporinase type of beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae P99 and the chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of E. coli are less well inhibited. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and cephaloridine against beta-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus, K. aerogenes, P. mirabilis, and E. coli have been shown to be considerably reduced by the addition of low concentrations of clavulanic acid.

673 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A series of large-scale applications of immobilized enzymes with benefits for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and medical device industries, some of which have been scarcely reported on previously are presented.

427 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is contended that issues including continuing unresolved questions around mechanism; opportunities afforded by new technologies such as serial femtosecond crystallography; the need for new inhibitors, particularly for MBLs; the likely impact of new β-lactam:inhibitor combinations and the continuing clinical importance of β- lactams mean that this remains a rewarding research area.

423 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jan 1959-Nature
TL;DR: The work reported here stemmed from the experiments described in an earlier communication on p-aminobenzylpenicillin, in which discrepancies were observed between chemical and biological methods ofPenicillin assay when a precursor was omitted from penicillin fermentations.
Abstract: THE work reported here stemmed from the experiments described in an earlier communication1 on p-aminobenzylpenicillin, in which discrepancies were observed between chemical and biological methods of penicillin assay when a precursor was omitted from penicillin fermentations.

332 citations