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Gagik G. Gurzadyan

Bio: Gagik G. Gurzadyan is an academic researcher from Dalian University of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Excited state & Singlet fission. The author has an hindex of 35, co-authored 118 publications receiving 5578 citations. Previous affiliations of Gagik G. Gurzadyan include Centre national de la recherche scientifique & Technische Universität München.


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Book
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a complete description of the properties and applications of all non-linear crystals reported in the literature up to the beginning of 1990, including the most important equations for calculating parameters of nonlinear frequency converters.
Abstract: This text provides a complete description of the properties and applications of all non-linear crystals reported in the literature up to the beginning of 1990. It also includes the most important equations for calculating parameters of non-linear frequency converters. This textbook on nonlinear optics and laser physics is intended for researchers, engineers and postgraduate students.

1,257 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By introducing the molecular orbital concept, the dominant fluorescence was found to originate from the electronic transitions among/between the non-oxidized carbon regions and the boundary of oxidized carbon atom regions, where all three kinds of functionalized groups C-O, C = O and O = C-OH were participating.
Abstract: Time-resolved fluorescence measurements of graphene oxide in water show multiexponential decay kinetics ranging from 1 ps to 2 ns. Electron-hole recombination from the bottom of the conduction band and nearby localized states to wide-range valance band is suggested as origin of the fluorescence. Excitation wavelength dependence of the fluorescence was caused by relative intensity changes of few emission species. By introducing the molecular orbital concept, the dominant fluorescence was found to originate from the electronic transitions among/between the non-oxidized carbon regions and the boundary of oxidized carbon atom regions, where all three kinds of functionalized groups C-O, C = O and O = C-OH were participating. In the visible spectral range, the ultrafast fluorescence of graphene oxide was observed for the first time.

521 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present errors in the units used for carrier mobility, such as cm2V−1s−1 cm−1, which is not the unit used in this paper.
Abstract: Nature Communications 6: Article number: 8903 (2015); Published: 30 July 2015; Updated: 10 March 2016 This article contains errors in the units used for carrier mobility. In Fig. 2a–d, the units on the y axis should be ‘cm2V−1s−1’ not ‘V−1s−1cm−1’. Similarly, the second and third sentences of the second paragraph of the ‘Quantum yield calculation’ section should read ‘From Fig.

329 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two triazatruxene (TAT)-based sensitizers, with one containing a flexible Z-type double bond and another a rigid single bond, coded as ZL001 and ZL003, respectively, have been synthesized and applied in DSSCs to probe the energy losses in the process of electron injection.
Abstract: The electron-injection energy losses of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are among the fundamental problems hindering their successful breakthrough application. Two triazatruxene (TAT)-based sensitizers, with one containing a flexible Z-type double bond and another a rigid single bond, coded as ZL001 and ZL003, respectively, have been synthesized and applied in DSSCs to probe the energy losses in the process of electron injection. Using time-resolved laser spectroscopic techniques in the kinetic study, ZL003 with the rigid single bond promotes much faster electron injection into the conductive band of TiO2 especially in the locally excited state (hot injection), which leads to higher electron density in TiO2 and a higher Voc. The devices based on ZL003 exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.6% with Voc = 956 mV, Jsc = 20.73 mA cm–2, and FF = 68.5%, which are among the highest recorded results to date on single dye-sensitized DSSCs. An independent certified PCE of 12.4% has been obt...

258 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the photocatalytic performance of two-dimensional ZIF-67 with a leaf-like morphology was evaluated by using a ruthenium-based complex as the photosensitizer.
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), ZIF-67, with different morphologies were synthesized via a solvent-induced method at room temperature. The photocatalytic performances towards the reduction of CO2 were evaluated by using ZIF-67 materials as cocatalysts cooperating with a ruthenium-based complex as the photosensitizer. It has been demonstrated that the two-dimensional ZIF-67 with a leaf-like morphology exhibited the best photocatalytic activity and stability due to the highest CO2 adsorption capability and efficient electron transfer from the excited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to ZIF-67.

209 citations


Cited by
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analysis of the chiral stationary phase transition of Na6(CO3)(SO4)2, a major component of the response of the immune system to Na2CO3.
Abstract: Ju Mei,†,‡,∥ Nelson L. C. Leung,†,‡,∥ Ryan T. K. Kwok,†,‡ Jacky W. Y. Lam,†,‡ and Ben Zhong Tang*,†,‡,§ †HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China ‡Department of Chemistry, HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Guangdong Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

5,658 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A facile and highoutput strategy for the fabrication of CDs, which is suitable for industrial-scale production and is almost equal to fluorescent dyes, is discussed.
Abstract: Fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recent years owing to exceptional advantages such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. These materials primarily include carbon dots (CDs), nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, and fluorescent graphene. The superior properties of fluorescent carbon-based materials distinguish them from traditional fluorescent materials, and make them promising candidates for numerous exciting applications, such as bioimaging, medical diagnosis, catalysis, and photovoltaic devices. Among all of these materials, CDs have drawn the most extensive notice, owing to their early discovery and adjustable parameters. However, many scientific issues with CDs still await further investigation. Currently, a broad series of methods for obtaining CD-based materials have been developed, but efficient one-step strategies for the fabrication of CDs on a large scale are still a challenge in this field. Current synthetic methods are mainly deficient in accurate control of lateral dimensions and the resulting surface chemistry, as well as in obtaining fluorescent materials with high quantum yields (QY). Moreover, it is important to expand these kinds of materials to novel applications. Herein, a facile and highoutput strategy for the fabrication of CDs, which is suitable for industrial-scale production (yield is ca. 58%), is discussed. The QY was as high as ca. 80%, which is the highest value recorded for fluorescent carbon-based materials, and is almost equal to fluorescent dyes. The polymer-like CDs were converted into carbogenic CDs by a change from low to high synthesis temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) mechanism (high QY/PL quenching) was investigated in detail by ultrafast spectroscopy. The CDs were applied as printing ink on the macro/micro scale and nanocomposites were also prepared by polymerizing CDs with certain polymers. Additionally, the CDs could be utilized as a biosensor reagent for the detection of Fe in biosystems. The CDs were prepared by a hydrothermal method, which is described in the Supporting Information (Figure 1a; see also the Supporting Information, Figure S1). The reaction was conducted by first condensing citric acid and ethylenediamine, whereupon they formed polymer-like CDs, which were then carbonized to form the CDs. The morphology and structure of CDs were confirmed by analysis. Figure 1b shows transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the CDs, which can be seen to have a uniform dispersion without apparent aggregation and particle diameters of 2–6 nm. The sizes of CDs were also measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM; Figure S2), and the average height was 2.81 nm. From the high-resolution TEM, most particles are observed to be amorphous carbon particles without any lattices; rare particles possess well-resolved lattice fringes. With such a low carbon-lattice-structure content, no obvious D or G bands were detected in the Raman spectra of the CDs (Figure S3). The XRD patterns of the CDs (Figure 1c) also displayed a broad peak centered at 258 (0.34 nm), which is also attributed to highly disordered carbon atoms. Moreover, NMR spectroscopy (H and C) was employed to distinguish sp-hybridized carbon atoms from sp-hybridized carbon atoms (Figure S4). In the H NMR spectrum, sp carbons were detected. In the C NMR spectrum, signals in the range of 30–45 ppm, which correspond to aliphatic (sp) carbon atoms, and signals from 100–185 ppm, which are indicative of sp carbon atoms, were observed. Signals in the range of 170– 185 ppm, which correspond to carboxyl/amide groups, were also present. In the FTIR analysis of CDs, the following were observed: stretching vibrations of C OH at 3430 cm 1 and C H at 2923 cm 1 and 2850 cm , asymmetric stretching vibrations of C-NH-C at 1126 cm , bending vibrations of N H at 1570 cm , and the vibrational absorption band of C=O at 1635 cm 1 (Figure S5). Moreover, the surface groups were also investigated by XPS analysis (Figure 1d). C1s analysis revealed three different types of carbon atoms: graphitic or aliphatic (C=C and C C), oxygenated, and nitrous (Table S1). In the UV/Vis spectra, the peak was focused on 344 nm in an aqueous solution of CDs. In the fluorescence spectra, CDs have optimal excitation and emission wavelengths at 360 nm and 443 nm, and show a blue color under a hand-held UV lamp (Figure 2a). Excitation-dependent PL behavior was [*] S. Zhu, Q. Meng, Prof. J. Zhang, Y. Song, Prof. K. Zhang, Prof. B. Yang State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun, 130012 (P. R. China) E-mail: byangchem@jlu.edu.cn

3,095 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Type-II noncollinear phase matching in parametric down conversion produces true entanglement: No part of the wave function must be discarded, in contrast to previous schemes.
Abstract: We report on a high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with high momentum definition. Type-II noncollinear phase matching in parametric down conversion produces true entanglement: No part of the wave function must be discarded, in contrast to previous schemes. With two-photon fringe visibilities in excess of 97%, we demonstrated a violation of Bell's inequality by over 100 standard deviations in less than 5 min. The new source allowed ready preparation of all four of the EPR-Bell states.

2,639 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: “United the authors stand, United they fall”–Aesop.
Abstract: "United we stand, divided we fall."--Aesop. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) refers to a photophysical phenomenon shown by a group of luminogenic materials that are non-emissive when they are dissolved in good solvents as molecules but become highly luminescent when they are clustered in poor solvents or solid state as aggregates. In this Review we summarize the recent progresses made in the area of AIE research. We conduct mechanistic analyses of the AIE processes, unify the restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM) as the main cause for the AIE effects, and derive RIM-based molecular engineering strategies for the design of new AIE luminogens (AIEgens). Typical examples of the newly developed AIEgens and their high-tech applications as optoelectronic materials, chemical sensors and biomedical probes are presented and discussed.

2,322 citations