Gal Shmuel

Bio: Gal Shmuel is an academic researcher from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Dielectric & Dielectric elastomers. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 38 publications receiving 518 citations. Previous affiliations of Gal Shmuel include California Institute of Technology & Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

Band-gaps in electrostatically controlled dielectric laminates subjected to incremental shear motions

Abstract: The thickness vibrations of a finitely deformed infinite periodic laminate made out of two layers of dielectric elastomers is studied. The laminate is pre-stretched by inducing a bias electric field perpendicular to the layers. Incremental time-harmonic fields superimposed on the initial finite deformation are considered next. Utilizing the Bloch-Floquet theorem along with the transfer matrix method we determine the dispersion relation which relates the incremental fields frequency and the phase velocity. Ranges of frequencies at which waves cannot propagate are identified whenever the Bloch-parameter is complex. These band-gaps depend on the phases properties, their volume fraction, and most importantly on the electric bias field. Our analysis reveals how these band-gaps can be shifted and their width can be modified by changing the bias electric field. This implies that by controlling the electrostatic bias field desired frequencies can be filtered out. Representative examples of laminates with different combinations of commercially available dielectric elastomers are examined.

The Rayleigh–Lamb wave propagation in dielectric elastomer layers subjected to large deformations

Abstract: The propagation of waves in soft dielectric elastomer layers is investigated. To this end incremental motions superimposed on homogeneous finite deformations induced by bias electric fields and pre-stretch are determined. First we examine the case of mechanically traction free layer, which is an extension of the Rayleigh–Lamb problem in the purely elastic case. Two other loading configurations are accounted for too. Subsequently, numerical examples for the dispersion relations are evaluated for a dielectric solid governed by an augmented neo-Hookean strain energy. It is found that the phase speeds and frequencies strongly depend on the electric excitation and pre-stretch. These findings lend themselves at the possibility of controlling the propagation velocity as well as filtering particular frequencies with suitable choices of the electric bias field.

Universality of the frequency spectrum of laminates

Abstract: We show that the frequency spectrum of two-component elastic laminates admits a universal structure, independent of the geometry of the periodic-cell and the specific physical properties. The compactness of the structure enables us to rigorously derive the maximal width, the expected width, and the density of the band-gaps – ranges of frequencies at which waves cannot propagate. In particular, we find that the density of these band-gaps is a universal property of classes of laminates. Rules for tailoring laminates according to desired spectrum properties thereby follow. We show that the frequency spectrum of various finitely deformed laminates are also endowed with the same compact structure. Finally, we explain how our results generalize for laminates with an arbitrary number of components, based on the form of their dispersion relation.

Non-Hermitian Physics

Abstract: A review is given on the foundations and applications of non-Hermitian classical and quantum physics. First, key theorems and central concepts in non-Hermitian linear algebra, including Jordan normal form, biorthogonality, exceptional points, pseudo-Hermiticity and parity-time symmetry, are delineated in a pedagogical and mathematically coherent manner. Building on these, we provide an overview of how diverse classical systems, ranging from photonics, mechanics, electrical circuits, acoustics to active matter, can be used to simulate non-Hermitian wave physics. In particular, we discuss rich and unique phenomena found therein, such as unidirectional invisibility, enhanced sensitivity, topological energy transfer, coherent perfect absorption, single-mode lasing, and robust biological transport. We then explain in detail how non-Hermitian operators emerge as an effective description of open quantum systems on the basis of the Feshbach projection approach and the quantum trajectory approach. We discuss their applications to physical systems relevant to a variety of fields, including atomic, molecular and optical physics, mesoscopic physics, and nuclear physics with emphasis on prominent phenomena/subjects in quantum regimes, such as quantum resonances, superradiance, continuous quantum Zeno effect, quantum critical phenomena, Dirac spectra in quantum chromodynamics, and nonunitary conformal field theories. Finally, we introduce the notion of band topology in complex spectra of non-Hermitian systems and present their classifications by providing the proof, firstly given by this review in a complete manner, as well as a number of instructive examples. Other topics related to non-Hermitian physics, including nonreciprocal transport, speed limits, nonunitary quantum walk, are also reviewed.

Tunable and Active Phononic Crystals and Metamaterials

Abstract: Phononic crystals (PCs) and metamaterials (MMs) can exhibit abnormal properties, even far beyond those found in nature, through artificial design of the topology or ordered structure of unit cells. This emerging class of materials has diverse application potentials in many fields. Recently, the concept of tunable PCs or MMs has been proposed to manipulate a variety of wave functions on demand. In this review, we survey recent developments in tunable and active PCs and MMs, including bandgap and bandgap engineering, anomalous behaviors of wave propagation, as well as tunable manipulation of waves based on different regulation mechanisms: tunable mechanical reconfiguration and materials with multifield coupling. We conclude by outlining future directions in the emerging field.

Hyperelastic Energy Densities for Soft Biological Tissues: A Review

Abstract: Many soft tissues are naturally made of a matrix and fibres that present some privileged directions. They are known to support large reversible deformations. The mechanical behaviour of these tissues highlights different phenomena as hysteresis, stress softening or relaxation. A hyperelastic constitutive equation is typically the basis of the model that describes the behaviour of the material. The hyperelastic constitutive equation can be isotropic or anisotropic, it is generally expressed by means of strain components or strain invariants. This paper proposes a review of these constitutive equations.

The Non Linear Field Theories Of Mechanics

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