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Author

Gaurav Sharma

Other affiliations: Northeastern University, D. E. Shaw & Co., Hewlett-Packard  ...read more
Bio: Gaurav Sharma is an academic researcher from Shenzhen University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Photocatalysis. The author has an hindex of 82, co-authored 1244 publications receiving 31482 citations. Previous affiliations of Gaurav Sharma include Northeastern University & D. E. Shaw & Co..


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TL;DR: The present study examines the possibility of increasing the content of Phycocyanin, Allophycocianin, Phycoerythrin and Carotenoids under stress conditions including different pH, salinity and carbon content in S. platensis isolated from Jalmahal, Jaipur (Rajasthan).
Abstract: The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is an attractive source of the biopigment, which is used as a natural colour in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical products and have tremendous applications in nutraceuticals, therapeutics and biotechnological research. The present study examines the possibility of increasing the content of Phycocyanin, Allophycocyanin, Phycoerythrin and Carotenoids under stress conditions including different pH, salinity and carbon content in S. platensis isolated from Jalmahal, Jaipur (Rajasthan). The production of Phycocyanin, Allophycocyanin and Phycoerythrin were enhanced with 0.4 M NaCl, pH 7 and Carbon deficiency as compared to standard.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The research described here investigates the hypothesis that nanoarchitecture contained in a nanowire array is capable of attenuating the adverse host response generated when medical devices are implanted in the body and suggests that the architecture in the static Nanowire arrays and the shear created by oscillating the nanowires would attenuate the biofouling response in vivo.
Abstract: The research described here investigates the hypothesis that nanoarchitecture contained in a nanowire array is capable of attenuating the adverse host response generated when medical devices are implanted in the body. This adverse host response, or biofouling, generates an avascular fibrous mass transfer barrier between the device and the analyte of interest, disabling the implant if it is a sensor. Numerous studies have indicated that surface chemistry and architecture modulate the host response. These findings led us to hypothesize that nanostructured surfaces will inhibit the formation of an avascular fibrous capsule significantly. We are investigating whether arrays of oscillating magnetostrictive nanowires can prevent protein adsorption. Magnetostrictive nanowires were fabricated by electroplating a ferromagnetic metal alloy into the pores of a nanoporous alumina template. The ferromagnetic nanowires are made to oscillate by oscillating the magnetic field surrounding the wires. Radiolabeled bovine serum albumin, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and other protein assays were used to study protein adhesion on the nanowire arrays. These results display a reduced protein adsorption per surface area of static nanowires. Comparing the surfaces, 14-30% of the protein that absorbed on the flat surface adsorbed on the nanowires. Our contact angle measurements indicate that the attenuation of protein on the nanowire surface might be due to the increased hydrophilicity of the nanostructured surface compared to a flat surface of the same material. We oscillated the magnetostrictive wires by placing them in a 38 G 10 Hz oscillating magnetic field. The oscillating nanowires show a further reduction in protein adhesion where only 7-67% of the protein on the static wires was measured on the oscillating nanowires. By varying the viscosity of the fluid the nanowires are oscillated in, we determined that protein detachment is shear-stress modulated. We created a high shearing fluid with dextran, which reduced protein adsorption on the oscillating nanowires by 70% over nanowires oscillating in baseline viscosity fluid. Our preliminary studies strongly suggest that the architecture in the static nanowire arrays and the shear created by oscillating the nanowire arrays would attenuate the biofouling response in vivo.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study was designed to replicate positive findings from a study in cannabis-dependent adolescents that found greater odds of abstinence with NAC compared to PBO, and will assess the cannabis cessation efficacy of NAC combined with a behavioral intervention in adults, providing a novel and timely contribution to the evidence base for the treatment of cannabis use disorders.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 2015, the personnel providing labour and childbirth care in maternity facilities were often unqualified and adherence to care protocols was generally poor, and Initiatives to measure and improve the quality of care need to be developed in the private and public facilities in Uttar Pradesh.
Abstract: To evaluate the quality of essential care during normal labour and childbirth in maternity facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India. Between 26 May and 8 July 2015, we used clinical observations to assess care provision for 275 mother-neonate pairs at 26 hospitals. Data on 42 items of care were collected, summarized into 17 clinical practices and three aggregate scores and then weighted to obtain population-based estimates. We examined unadjusted differences in quality between the public and private facilities. Multilevel linear mixed-effects models were used to adjust for birth attendant, facility and maternal characteristics. The quality of care we observed was generally poor in both private and public facilities; the mean percentage of essential clinical care practices completed for each woman was 35.7%. Weighted estimates indicate that unqualified personnel provided care for 73.0% and 27.0% of the mother-neonate pairs in public and private facilities, respectively. Obstetric, neonatal and overall care at birth appeared better in the private facilities than in the public ones. In the adjusted analysis, the score for overall quality of care in private facilities was found to be six percentage points higher than the corresponding score for public facilities. In 2015, the personnel providing labour and childbirth care in maternity facilities were often unqualified and adherence to care protocols was generally poor. Initiatives to measure and improve the quality of care during labour and childbirth need to be developed in the private and public facilities in Uttar Pradesh. Evaluer la qualite des soins essentiels dispenses lors des accouchements et des naissances sans complications, dans des centres de maternite de l'Uttar Pradesh, en Inde. Entre le 26 mai et le 8 juillet 2015, nous avons realise des observations cliniques pour evaluer les soins dispenses a 275 paires mere/nouveau-ne, dans 26 hopitaux. Des donnees portant sur 42 soins ont ete compilees et synthetisees dans 17 categories de pratiques cliniques et trois scores globaux, puis ponderees pour obtenir des estimations en population. Nous avons examine les differences de qualite, avant ajustement, entre les etablissements publics et prives. Des modeles lineaires multiniveaux a effets mixtes ont ete utilises afin d'ajuster les donnees pour tenir compte des caracteristiques des accoucheurs, des centres de maternite et des meres. La qualite des soins que nous avons observes a generalement ete mediocre, autant dans le public que dans le prive; le pourcentage moyen de realisation des soins cliniques essentiels pour chaque femme etant de 35,7%. Les estimations ponderees indiquent que les soins ont ete dispenses par du personnel non qualifie dans 73,0% des cas dans les centres publics et dans 27,0% des cas dans les centres prives. Les soins obstetricaux, neonataux et les soins d'ordre general dispenses a la naissance ont semble de meilleure qualite dans les centres prives que dans les centres publics. Dans notre analyse apres ajustement, le score pour la qualite generale des soins dispenses a ete superieur de six points de pourcentage dans les centres prives par rapport aux centres publics. En 2015, dans les centres de maternite, les soins dispenses lors des accouchements et des naissances ont ete realises par un personnel souvent non qualifie, et le respect des protocoles de soins s'est generalement avere mediocre. Des initiatives pour mesurer et ameliorer la qualite des soins dispenses lors des accouchements et des naissances doivent etre developpees dans les centres publics et prives de l'Uttar Pradesh. Evaluar la calidad de la atencion esencial durante partos y nacimientos normales en maternidades de Uttar Pradesh, India. Entre el 26 de mayo y el 8 de julio de 2015, se utilizaron observaciones clinicas para evaluar la prestacion de asistencia a 275 pares madre-neonato en 26 hospitales. Se recopilo informacion sobre 42 elementos de la atencion, resumidos en 17 practicas clinicas y tres puntuaciones genericas, y se ponderaron para obtener estimaciones basadas en la poblacion. Se examinaron las diferencias no ajustadas de la atencion entre los centros publicos y los privados. Se utilizaron modelos lineales de efectos mixtos en varios niveles para ajustar las caracteristicas de los asistentes de parto, los centros y las madres. En general, la calidad de la atencion observada fue pobre, tanto en los centros publicos como en los privados. El porcentaje medio de las practicas de atencion clinica esencial completadas para cada mujer fue del 35,7%. Las estimaciones ponderadas indican que la atencion fue proporcionada por personal no cualificado para el 73,0% y el 27,0% de los pares madre-neonato en centros publicos y privados respectivamente. La atencion obstetrica, la atencion neonatal y la atencion general tras el nacimiento parecieron ser mejor en centros privados que en publicos. En el analisis ajustado, la puntuacion para la calidad general de la atencion en los centros privados resulto estar seis puntos porcentuales por encima de la puntuacion correspondiente a los centros publicos. En 2015, el personal que proporcionaba atencion de parto y nacimiento en maternidades solia carecer de cualificacion, y su adherencia a los protocolos de atencion era, en general, escasa. Las iniciativas para medir y mejorar la calidad de la atencion durante el parto y el nacimiento necesitan desarrollarse en los centros publicos y privados de Uttar Pradesh. تقييم جودة الرعاية الضرورية المقدمة أثناء المخاض العادي والولادة في مراكز الأمومة في ولاية أوتار براديش بالهند. في الفترة ما بين 26 مايو/أيار، و8 يوليو/تموز 2015، استخدمنا الملاحظات السريرية لتقييم توفير الرعاية لعدد 275 أما وأطفالهن في 26 مستشفى. تم جمع البيانات الخاصة بـ 42 عنصرا من عناصر الرعاية، وتلخيصها في 17 ممارسة سريرية وثلاث نتائج مجمعة ثم ترجيحها للحصول على تقديرات تعتمد على الشرائح السكانية. وقمنا بفحص الاختلافات غير المعدلة في مستوى الجودة ما بين المرافق العامة والخاصة. كما تم استخدام نماذج خطية متعددة المستويات ذات تأثيرات مختلطة لتعديل خصائص المولدة والمرافق الصحية والأمهات. كانت جودة الرعاية التي لاحظناها سيئة بوجه عام في المرافق العامة والخاصة على حد سواء؛ حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية لممارسات الرعاية السريرية الضرورية المقدمة لكل امرأة 35.7‏%. وتشير التقديرات الموزونة إلى أن نسبة العاملين غير المؤهلين من مقدمي الرعاية بلغت 73.0‏% و27.0‏% للأم وطفلها في المرافق العامة والخاصة على التوالي. وظهرت رعاية أمراض النساء والولادة ، ورعاية المواليد نسبة وإجمالي الرعاية عند الولادة بشكل أفضل في المرافق الخاصة عن مثيلاتها العامة. في التحليل المعدل، وجد أن النتيجة الإجمالية للرعاية المقدمة في المرافق الصحية أعلى بست درجات مئوية من الدرجة المماثلة الخاصة بالمرافق العامة. في 2015، كان أغلب العاملين من مقدمي رعاية المخاض والولادة في مرافق الأمومة غير مؤهلين وكان الالتزام ببروتوكولات الرعاية ضعيفا بوجه عام. ويلزم طرح مبادرات لقياس الجودة المقدمة أثناء المخاض والولادة في المرافق الخاصة والعامة بولاية أوتار براديش. 旨在评估印度北方邦地区妇产机构的顺产及正常分娩期基本护理质量。. 2015 年 5 月 26 日至 7 月 8 日,我们采用临床观察法对为 26 家医院的 275 对母婴提供的护理进行了评估。期间采集了 42 项护理数据、总结出 17 项临床实践和三项综合得分,然后加权计算出基于人口的估计值。我们审查了公立和私立机构之间护理质量的未调整差异。然后采用多级线性混合效应模型来根据接生员、机构以及产妇特征进行调整。. 我们观察到的私立和公立机构的护理质量均普遍较差;每位产妇完成基础临床护理的平均比例为 35.7%。加权估计值表明,公立和私立机构由不具备资格的人员提供护理的母婴对比例分别为 73.0% 和 27.0%;私立机构提供的产妇、新生儿 以及整体分娩护理 优于公立机构。在调整后分析中,私立机构整体护理质量得分比公立机构对应得分高出六个百分点 。. 2015 年,妇产机构提供生产和分娩护理的人员经常不具备资格,并且在遵守护理规程方面表现整体较差。北方邦地区的私立和公立机构需要制定相应措施以衡量和提升生产及分娩期护理质量。. Оценить качество оказания основной медицинской помощи при нормальных родах в родовспомогательных учреждениях штата Уттар-Прадеш, Индия. Для оценки оказания медицинской помощи авторы использовали клинические наблюдения 275 пар «мать-новорожденный», проведенные в период с 26 мая по 8 июля 2015 года в 26 больницах. Были собраны данные о качестве оказания медицинской помощи по 42 пунктам, которые были обобщены и представлены в виде 17 клинических практик и трех суммарных оценок, а затем взвешены для получения оценок на основе популяции. Авторы исследовали нескорректированные различия в качестве между государственными и частными медицинскими учреждениями. Для учета характеристик акушеров, медицинских учреждений и матерей были использованы многоуровневые линейные модели смешанных эффектов. Наблюдаемое качество оказания медицинской помощи в целом было низким как в частных, так и в государственных медицинских учреждениях; средняя доля основных клинических процедур, выполненных для каждой женщины, составила 35,7%. Взвешенные оценки показывают, что медицинскую помощь оказывал неквалифицированный персонал для 73,0 и 27,0% пар «мать-новорожденный» в государственных и частных учреждениях соответственно. Было обнаружено, что качество акушерской, неонатальной и общей медицинской помощи при родовспоможении было выше в частных медицинских учреждениях, чем в государственных. В скорректированном анализе оценка общего качества оказания медицинской помощи в частных учреждениях была на шесть процентных пунктов выше, чем соответствующая оценка для государственных учреждений. В 2015 году персонал, оказывающий медицинские услуги при родах в родовспомогательных учреждениях, часто был неквалифицированным и соблюдение протоколов по медицинскому уходу было, как правило, неудовлетворительным. В частных и государственных учреждениях в штате Уттар-Прадеш требуется разработка инициатив по измерению и повышению качества оказания медицинской помощи во время родов.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a survey on edge computing in industrial IoT applications and present the optimum solutions to bring intelligence to the edge by overcoming the resource and complexity-bound with accuracy and latency constraints for the decision-making processes.

39 citations


Cited by
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[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

01 Jun 2012
TL;DR: SPAdes as mentioned in this paper is a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data).
Abstract: The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

10,124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

7,335 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

6,278 citations