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Gebremedhin Gebremeskel

Bio: Gebremedhin Gebremeskel is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Nutrient & Soil water. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 34 citations.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on yield, yield components, nutrients uptake and use efficiencies, protein content of bread wheat, residual soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability and economic return of fertilizer application.
Abstract: On-farm field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on yield, yield components, nutrients uptake and use efficiencies, protein content of bread wheat, residual soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability and economic return of fertilizer application. The locations of the experiments were in two nearby farmers' field at Hawzen district, Northern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of five N levels (0, 46, 69, 92 and 138 kg N/ha) and four levels of P (0, 46, 69 and 92 kg P2O5/ha) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental Field 1 was relatively better in its soil fertility than experimental Field 2 especially in its phosphorus availability and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, both fields were low in their total soil nitrogen content. Grain yield of wheat significantly increased by 46% and 15% in Field 1 and Field 2, respectively at nitrogen application rate of 46 kg N/ha than the control. Nitrogen fertilization increased straw yield significantly only in experimental Field 1. Phosphorus application at a rate of 46 kg P2O5/ha increased significantly grain and straw yields by 38 % and 46 %, respectively in Field 2 than control. It is also economical to apply phosphorus at this rate for such farmers’ field because the grain yield marginal rate of return was 179 %. Consistent results were observed on wheat nutrient uptakes and nutrient use efficiencies. Grain and straw yields of wheat were not significantly affected by the main effect of phosphorus application in Field 1. These results are consistent with the soil analysis result before planting where the soil phosphorus was found to be low in Field 1 and very low in Field 2. Previous management by the farmers may have influenced the soil fertility status. There were no interaction effects of nitrogen and phosphorus to affect wheat productivity and nutrient utilization in both fields. Future approach to soil fertility management should consider the past management history and should also be site specific based on soil fertility assessment. As a result, a combined application of 46 kg N/ha and 46 kg P2O5/ha are recommended to achieve sustainable bread wheat production on the sandy soils of Hawzen district. But in fields with higher initial soil phosphorus level, there is no need of applying phosphate fertilizer.

47 citations


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7,335 citations

01 Jan 2016

1,907 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This volume provides a concise but comprehensive and well balanced account of the production and utilization of wheat, from sowing of the seed to processing of the harvested grain and integrates a range of science from genetics through agronomy to food science.
Abstract: Wheat is currently the most important crop in the world in terms of yield, area under cultivation and geographical distribution (all continents and climatic zones except polar regions). It has achieved immense cultural and religious significance and, as pointed out by the authors of this volume, its price and availability have influenced the rise and fall of governments. The present volume should, therefore, be of wide interest as it provides a concise but comprehensive and well balanced account of the production and utilization of wheat, from sowing of the seed to processing of the harvested grain. The contents are divided into 10 chapters which fall into four neat sections. The first chapter introduces wheat as a crop, discussing its origin and outlining the different types and their end use characteristics. It then describes the morphology and development of the crop and introduces the wide range of production systems that are used. These range from intensive systems which are most widely used in Western Europe to reduced input systems which have been introduced over the past decade, driven largely by environmental and consumer concerns. This detailed introduction is followed by three chapters focusing on the characters that determine grain utilization and quality and how they are in turn influenced by the genotype and the environment (climate and nutrition). These lead logically into three chapters dealing with aspects of agronomy including sowing and crop establishment, nutrition and fertilizer use and management of pests and diseases. The latter includes detailed discussions of major fungal pathogens (e.g. mildews, rusts, Septoria, eyespot, take-all) and insect pests (aphids, flies, beetles) and of the control of broad leaved and grass weeds, but also covers viral and bacterial diseases, nematodes, molluscs and plant growth regulators used to control height (chlormequat and ethephon). Finally, three separate chapters consider the post harvest management of the grain including drying and pest control, the utilization of the vegetative parts of the crop as forage and the utilization of the grain for the distillation of alcohol and for fractionation into starch and gluten. Throughout the volume there is a major emphasis on optimising end use quality, reflecting the current competitive climate for growers and grain exporters. The level of coverage is designed to be suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students in agronomy and I have little doubt that it will become a standard text for many courses. However, it is extensively referenced and will almost certainly be used more widely by lecturers and active research scientists. The authors are to be congratulated in producing an exceptionally attractive and readable volume which integrates a range of science from genetics through agronomy to food science.

78 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the last five decades, nutrient applications to farmlands have significantly improved crop yield and public awareness about nutrient use efficiency (NUE), and the crop production system is n... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the last five decades, nutrient applications to farmlands have significantly improved crop yield and public awareness about nutrient use efficiency (NUE). The crop production system is n...

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This report provides a comprehensive review of the influence of crop husbandry and environmental conditions on wheat yield and composition.
Abstract: The increasing interest in the production of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with specific quality traits requires a shift from the current breeding goal, being yield, to improved compositional and, consequently, functional traits. Since wheat is a key food crop, this must be attained while maintaining or even further increasing yield. Furthermore, as compositional requirements for specific applications are not well-defined, both protein and gluten content as well as the enzymatic activity remain most important. Given that these traits are majorly impacted by both genotype and environment, it is very complex to predict and ultimately control them. Different strategies, such as applying optimized agronomic practices, can temper these uncontrollable determinants which are equally important to steer wheat quality. As current research on their contribution to specific traits is highly fragmented, this report provides a comprehensive review of the influence of crop husbandry and environmental conditions on ...

33 citations