scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Geoffrey M. Hodgson

Bio: Geoffrey M. Hodgson is an academic researcher from Loughborough University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Evolutionary economics & Institutional economics. The author has an hindex of 71, co-authored 376 publications receiving 22719 citations. Previous affiliations of Geoffrey M. Hodgson include Max Planck Society & Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Valerie Wood1, R. Gwilliam1, Marie-Adèle Rajandream1, M. Lyne1, Rachel Lyne1, A. Stewart2, J. Sgouros2, N. Peat2, Jacqueline Hayles2, Stephen Baker1, D. Basham1, Sharen Bowman1, Karen Brooks1, D. Brown1, Steve D.M. Brown1, Tracey Chillingworth1, Carol Churcher1, Mark O. Collins1, R. Connor1, Ann Cronin1, P. Davis1, Theresa Feltwell1, Andrew G. Fraser1, S. Gentles1, Arlette Goble1, N. Hamlin1, David Harris1, J. Hidalgo1, Geoffrey M. Hodgson1, S. Holroyd1, T. Hornsby1, S. Howarth1, Elizabeth J. Huckle1, Sarah E. Hunt1, Kay Jagels1, Kylie R. James1, L. Jones1, Matthew Jones1, S. Leather1, S. McDonald1, J. McLean1, P. Mooney1, Sharon Moule1, Karen Mungall1, Lee Murphy1, D. Niblett1, C. Odell1, Karen Oliver1, Susan O'Neil1, D. Pearson1, Michael A. Quail1, Ester Rabbinowitsch1, Kim Rutherford1, Simon Rutter1, David L. Saunders1, Kathy Seeger1, Sarah Sharp1, Jason Skelton1, Mark Simmonds1, R. Squares1, S. Squares1, K. Stevens1, K. Taylor1, Ruth Taylor1, Adrian Tivey1, S. Walsh1, T. Warren1, S. Whitehead1, John Woodward1, Guido Volckaert3, Rita Aert3, Johan Robben3, B. Grymonprez3, I. Weltjens3, E. Vanstreels3, Michael A. Rieger, M. Schafer, S. Muller-Auer, C. Gabel, M. Fuchs, C. Fritzc, E. Holzer, D. Moestl, H. Hilbert, K. Borzym4, I. Langer4, Alfred Beck4, Hans Lehrach4, Richard Reinhardt4, Thomas M. Pohl5, P. Eger5, Wolfgang Zimmermann, H. Wedler, R. Wambutt, Bénédicte Purnelle6, André Goffeau6, Edouard Cadieu7, Stéphane Dréano7, Stéphanie Gloux7, Valerie Lelaure7, Stéphanie Mottier7, Francis Galibert7, Stephen J. Aves8, Z. Xiang8, Cherryl Hunt8, Karen Moore8, S. M. Hurst8, M. Lucas9, M. Rochet9, Claude Gaillardin9, Victor A. Tallada10, Victor A. Tallada11, Andrés Garzón11, Andrés Garzón10, G. Thode10, Rafael R. Daga11, Rafael R. Daga10, L. Cruzado10, Juan Jimenez11, Juan Jimenez10, Miguel del Nogal Sánchez12, F. del Rey12, J. Benito12, Angel Domínguez12, José L. Revuelta12, Sergio Moreno12, John Armstrong13, Susan L. Forsburg14, L. Cerrutti1, Todd M. Lowe15, W. R. McCombie16, Ian T. Paulsen17, Judith A. Potashkin18, G. V. Shpakovski19, David W. Ussery20, Bart Barrell1, Paul Nurse2 
21 Feb 2002-Nature
TL;DR: The genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote, is sequenced and highly conserved genes important for eukARYotic cell organization including those required for the cytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing are identified.
Abstract: We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved 1.8-kb element. Regions upstream of genes are longer than in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), possibly reflecting more-extended control regions. Some 43% of the genes contain introns, of which there are 4,730. Fifty genes have significant similarity with human disease genes; half of these are cancer related. We identify highly conserved genes important for eukaryotic cell organization including those required for the cytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing. These genes may have originated with the appearance of eukaryotic life. Few similarly conserved genes that are important for multicellular organization were identified, suggesting that the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes required more new genes than did the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization.

1,686 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of the term institution has become widespread in the social sciences in recent years, reflecting the growth in institutional economics and the use of institution concept in several other disciplines, including philosophy, sociology, politics, and geography as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The use of the term institution has become widespread in the social sciences in recent years, reflecting the growth in institutional economics and the use of the institution concept in several other disciplines, including philosophy, sociology, politics, and geography. The term has a long history of usage in the social sciences, dating back at least to Giambattista Vico in his Scienza Nuova of 1725. However, even today, there is no unanimity in the definition of this concept. Furthermore, endless disputes over the definitions of key terms such as institution and organization have led some writers to give up matters of definition and to propose getting down somehow to practical matters instead. But it is not possible to carry out any empirical or theoretical analysis of how institutions or organizations work without having some adequate conception of what an institution or an organization is. This paper proposes that those that give up are acting in haste; potentially consensual definitions of these terms are possible, once we overcome a few obstacles and difficulties in the way. It is also important to avoid some biases in the study of institutions, where institutions and characteristics of a particular type are overgeneralized to the set of institutions as a whole. This paper outlines some dangers with regard to an excessive relative stress on self-organization and agent-insensitive institutions. This paper draws on insights from several academic disciplines and is organized in six sections. The first three sections are devoted to the definition and understanding of institutions in general terms. The first section explores the meaning of key terms such as institution, convention, and rule. The second discusses some general issues concerning how institutions function and how they interact with individual agents, their habits,

1,615 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: The authors assesses the "old" institutional economics and emphasizes the importance of key institutionalist themes concerning the necessity of habits and rules, and the role of institutions in the alternative theoretical program of the "new" institutionalism.
Abstract: This paper assesses the "old" institutional economics, it emphasizes the importance of key "old" institutionalist themes concerning the necessity of habits and rules, and the role of institutions. A problem in the alternative theoretical program of the "new" institutionalism is the untenability of its assumption of an original, institution-free, "market" or "state of nature." Even optimizing behavior requires the prior existence of habits and rules. Although it still lacks a complete and systematic theory, the "evolutionary" approach of the "old" institutionalists tackles the problem of the interactive relationship of actor to structure without analytical reduction to one or the other.

1,122 citations

Book
22 Sep 1993
TL;DR: Hodgson as mentioned in this paper explores the ambiguities inherent in biology and the problems involved in applying ideas of past economic thinkers and argues that the new evolutionary economics can learn much from the many differing conceptions of economic evolution.
Abstract: Economic theory is currently at a crossroads, where many leading mainstream economists are calling for a more realistic and practical orientation for economic science. Indeed, many are suggesting that economics should be reconstructed on evolutionary lines.This book is about the application to economics of evolutionary ideas from biology. It is not about selfish genes or determination of our behavior by genetic code. The idea that evolution supports a laissez-faire policy is rebutted. The conception of evolution as progress toward greater perfection, along with the competitive individualism sometimes inferred from the notion of the "survival of the fittest," is found to be problematic. Hodgson explores the ambiguities inherent in biology and the problems involved in applying ideas of past economic thinkers--including Malthus, Smith, Marx, Marshall, Veblen, Schumpeter, and Hayek--and argues that the new evolutionary economics can learn much from the many differing conceptions of economic evolution."This is a work of enormous perceptivity and subtlety as well as judiciousness of interpretation and critique . . . [that] establish[es] Hodgson as the leading institutional theorist, and as one of the leading evolutionary theorists, of his generation." --Warren J. Samuels"A daring and successful attempt to expunge the monopoly of reductionist and mechanistic thinking over evolutionary theory . . . a must for anyone who is interested not only in the foundations of economics, but also in the foundations of social theory." --Elias L. Khalil, Ohio State UniversityGeoffrey M. Hodgson is University Lecturer in Economics, Judge Institute for Management Studies, University of Cambridge.

898 citations

Book
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The Rationalist Conception of Action Action Action and Institutions as discussed by the authors is the basis for the Maximisation Hypothesis and the rationalist conception of action action action and institutions.
Abstract: PART 1 PRELUDE: Introduction and Outline On Methodology and Assumptions. PART 2 A FAREWELL TO `ECONOMIC MAN': Behind Methodological Individualism The Maximisation Hypothesis The Rationalist Conception of Action Action and Institutions. PART 3 ELEMENTS OF AN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS: Contracts and Property Rights Markets as Institutions Firms and Markets Expectations and the Limits to Keynes Directions and Policy Implications.

893 citations


Cited by
More filters
Book
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, Nonaka and Takeuchi argue that Japanese firms are successful precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies, and they reveal how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge.
Abstract: How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

7,448 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A Treatise on the Family by G. S. Becker as discussed by the authors is one of the most famous and influential economists of the second half of the 20th century, a fervent contributor to and expounder of the University of Chicago free-market philosophy, and winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in economics.
Abstract: A Treatise on the Family. G. S. Becker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1981. Gary Becker is one of the most famous and influential economists of the second half of the 20th century, a fervent contributor to and expounder of the University of Chicago free-market philosophy, and winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in economics. Although any book with the word "treatise" in its title is clearly intended to have an impact, one coming from someone as brilliant and controversial as Becker certainly had such a lofty goal. It has received many article-length reviews in several disciplines (Ben-Porath, 1982; Bergmann, 1995; Foster, 1993; Hannan, 1982), which is one measure of its scholarly importance, and yet its impact is, I think, less than it may have initially appeared, especially for scholars with substantive interests in the family. This book is, its title notwithstanding, more about economics and the economic approach to behavior than about the family. In the first sentence of the preface, Becker writes "In this book, I develop an economic or rational choice approach to the family." Lest anyone accuse him of focusing on traditional (i.e., material) economics topics, such as family income, poverty, and labor supply, he immediately emphasizes that those topics are not his focus. "My intent is more ambitious: to analyze marriage, births, divorce, division of labor in households, prestige, and other non-material behavior with the tools and framework developed for material behavior." Indeed, the book includes chapters on many of these issues. One chapter examines the principles of the efficient division of labor in households, three analyze marriage and divorce, three analyze various child-related issues (fertility and intergenerational mobility), and others focus on broader family issues, such as intrafamily resource allocation. His analysis is not, he believes, constrained by time or place. His intention is "to present a comprehensive analysis that is applicable, at least in part, to families in the past as well as the present, in primitive as well as modern societies, and in Eastern as well as Western cultures." His tone is profoundly conservative and utterly skeptical of any constructive role for government programs. There is a clear sense of how much better things were in the old days of a genderbased division of labor and low market-work rates for married women. Indeed, Becker is ready and able to show in Chapter 2 that such a state of affairs was efficient and induced not by market or societal discrimination (although he allows that it might exist) but by small underlying household productivity differences that arise primarily from what he refers to as "complementarities" between caring for young children while carrying another to term. Most family scholars would probably find that an unconvincingly simple explanation for a profound and complex phenomenon. What, then, is the salient contribution of Treatise on the Family? It is not literally the idea that economics could be applied to the nonmarket sector and to family life because Becker had already established that with considerable success and influence. At its core, microeconomics is simple, characterized by a belief in the importance of prices and markets, the role of self-interested or rational behavior, and, somewhat less centrally, the stability of preferences. It was Becker's singular and invaluable contribution to appreciate that the behaviors potentially amenable to the economic approach were not limited to phenomenon with explicit monetary prices and formal markets. Indeed, during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s, he did undeniably important and pioneering work extending the domain of economics to such topics as labor market discrimination, fertility, crime, human capital, household production, and the allocation of time. Nor is Becker's contribution the detailed analyses themselves. Many of them are, frankly, odd, idiosyncratic, and off-putting. …

4,817 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Oct 2002-Nature
TL;DR: The genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7 is reported, which is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.
Abstract: The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5,300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.

4,312 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A major update of the previously developed system for delineation of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) from the sequenced genomes of prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes is described and is expected to be a useful platform for functional annotation of newlysequenced genomes, including those of complex eukARYotes, and genome-wide evolutionary studies.
Abstract: The availability of multiple, essentially complete genome sequences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes spurred both the demand and the opportunity for the construction of an evolutionary classification of genes from these genomes. Such a classification system based on orthologous relationships between genes appears to be a natural framework for comparative genomics and should facilitate both functional annotation of genomes and large-scale evolutionary studies. We describe here a major update of the previously developed system for delineation of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) from the sequenced genomes of prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes and the construction of clusters of predicted orthologs for 7 eukaryotic genomes, which we named KOGs after euk aryotic o rthologous g roups. The COG collection currently consists of 138,458 proteins, which form 4873 COGs and comprise 75% of the 185,505 (predicted) proteins encoded in 66 genomes of unicellular organisms. The euk aryotic o rthologous g roups (KOGs) include proteins from 7 eukaryotic genomes: three animals (the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens), one plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, two fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), and the intracellular microsporidian parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The current KOG set consists of 4852 clusters of orthologs, which include 59,838 proteins, or ~54% of the analyzed eukaryotic 110,655 gene products. Compared to the coverage of the prokaryotic genomes with COGs, a considerably smaller fraction of eukaryotic genes could be included into the KOGs; addition of new eukaryotic genomes is expected to result in substantial increase in the coverage of eukaryotic genomes with KOGs. Examination of the phyletic patterns of KOGs reveals a conserved core represented in all analyzed species and consisting of ~20% of the KOG set. This conserved portion of the KOG set is much greater than the ubiquitous portion of the COG set (~1% of the COGs). In part, this difference is probably due to the small number of included eukaryotic genomes, but it could also reflect the relative compactness of eukaryotes as a clade and the greater evolutionary stability of eukaryotic genomes. The updated collection of orthologous protein sets for prokaryotes and eukaryotes is expected to be a useful platform for functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes, including those of complex eukaryotes, and genome-wide evolutionary studies.

4,167 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of four transition pathways: transformation, reconfiguration, technological substitution, and de-alignment and re-alignments is presented, which differ in combinations of timing and nature of multi-level interactions.

3,926 citations