George M. Whitesides

Bio: George M. Whitesides is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Microcontact printing & Self-assembled monolayer. The author has an hindex of 240, co-authored 1739 publications receiving 269833 citations. Previous affiliations of George M. Whitesides include University of California, Davis & University of Texas at Austin.

Catalytic activity of native enzymes during capillary electrophoresis: an enzymic microreactor

Abstract: This work evaluates the use of a plug of enzyme, migrating in an electrophoresis capillary under nondenaturing conditions, to convert substrate (which may be injected onto the capillary as a separate plug or included in the electrophoresis buffer) to product. This concept is demonstrated using two systems: the irreversible oridation of glucose-6-phosphate (glc-6-P) to 6-phosphogluconate using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) and either NAD or NADP as cofactor, and the reversible conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde using yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH, EC 1.1.1.1) and NAD(H) as cofactor

Soft robotic actuators

Abstract: A soft robotic device includes a flexible body having a width, a length and a thickness, wherein the thickness is at least 1 mm, the flexible body having at least one channel disposed within the flexible body, the channel defined by upper, lower and side walls, wherein at least one wall is strain limiting; and a pressurizing inlet in fluid communication with the at least one channel, the at least one channel positioned and arranged such that the wall opposite the strain limiting wall preferentially expands when the soft robotic device is pressurized through the inlet.

Using three-dimensional microfluidic networks for solving computationally hard problems

Abstract: This paper describes the design of a parallel algorithm that uses moving fluids in a three-dimensional microfluidic system to solve a nondeterministically polynomial complete problem (the maximal clique problem) in polynomial time. This algorithm relies on (i) parallel fabrication of the microfluidic system, (ii) parallel searching of all potential solutions by using fluid flow, and (iii) parallel optical readout of all solutions. This algorithm was implemented to solve the maximal clique problem for a simple graph with six vertices. The successful implementation of this algorithm to compute solutions for small-size graphs with fluids in microchannels is not useful, per se, but does suggest broader application for microfluidics in computation and control.

Combining spontaneous molecular assembly with microfabrication to pattern surfaces: selective binding of isonitriles to platinum microwires and characterization by electrochemistry and surface spectroscopy

Abstract: Etude par voltammetrie cyclique et spectrometrie Auger de l'adsorption d'un complexe de fer sur une microelectrode de platine dans l'acetonitrile

Tight Binding of a Dimeric Derivative of Vancomycin with Dimeric L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala

Abstract: The ligand/receptor pair consisting of a synthetic dimeric derivative of vancomycin (V), linked at the C terminus by p-xylylenediamine (V-CONHCH2C6H4CH2NHCO-V), and a dimeric derivative of l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala, [CH2CONeH(Nα-Ac)-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala-CO2-]2, provides a new system with which to study the influence of divalency on the strength of binding. A competitive assay using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) has been developed and used to estimate the dissociation constant of the divalent complex (≈ 1.1 nM) and the enhancement in binding (∼103) relative to the corresponding monomeric interaction between unmodified monomeric vancomycin and diacetyl-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes

Abstract: Problems associated with large-scale pattern growth of graphene constitute one of the main obstacles to using this material in device applications. Recently, macroscopic-scale graphene films were prepared by two-dimensional assembly of graphene sheets chemically derived from graphite crystals and graphene oxides. However, the sheet resistance of these films was found to be much larger than theoretically expected values. Here we report the direct synthesis of large-scale graphene films using chemical vapour deposition on thin nickel layers, and present two different methods of patterning the films and transferring them to arbitrary substrates. The transferred graphene films show very low sheet resistance of approximately 280 Omega per square, with approximately 80 per cent optical transparency. At low temperatures, the monolayers transferred to silicon dioxide substrates show electron mobility greater than 3,700 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and exhibit the half-integer quantum Hall effect, implying that the quality of graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition is as high as mechanically cleaved graphene. Employing the outstanding mechanical properties of graphene, we also demonstrate the macroscopic use of these highly conducting and transparent electrodes in flexible, stretchable, foldable electronics.

Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites

Abstract: Multilayer films of organic compounds on solid surfaces have been studied for more than 60 years because they allow fabrication of multicomposite molecular assemblies of tailored architecture. However, both the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and chemisorption from solution can be used only with certain classes of molecules. An alternative approach—fabrication of multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations—is far more general and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids. Because polymers are typically flexible molecules, the resulting superlattice architectures are somewhat fuzzy structures, but the absence of crystallinity in these films is expected to be beneficial for many potential applications.