Géraldine Brausch

Bio: Géraldine Brausch is an academic researcher from University of Liège. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 5 publications receiving 236 citations.

Logiques de pouvoir et logiques spatiales chez Foucault : Des intentions socio-politiques de l'espace architectural et urbain et de leurs effets

Abstract: Depuis le Moyen-Âge jusqu’a l’Âge classique, le traitement de l’indesirable oscille entre l’exclusion hors des enceintes de la ville, dans un dehors confus, non balise, et l’enfermement dans des lieux eux-memes relativement indetermines comme la leproserie puis, plus tard, l’hopital general. Chasse ou enferme, le lepreux, figure type, est soustrait a la communaute. Il constitue le modele de l’individu « que l’on chasse pour purifier la communaute ». Peu importe au fond ou il va et ce qu’il y fait, l’essentiel est qu’il quitte le « dedans », le centre. Ainsi, la ou il part, le lepreux peut bien mourir : il est deja mort juridiquement et politiquement. Son exclusion est en effet rythmee par une ceremonie funeraire dans laquelle il est declare mort et, par consequent, ses biens transmissibles. Le fou suivra le chemin du lepreux, partageant avec lui ces espaces qui n’ont d’autre definition que de ne pas etre le lieu de la communaute. Chasse hors des remparts ou enferme dans les leproseries abandonnees ou les hopitaux, le fou fait l’objet d’un traitement qui active le meme mecanisme « d’exclusion, de disqualification, d’exil ». En ce sens, Foucault a pu dire que l’enfermement des intrus dans les hopitaux generaux ne constituait pas une rupture par rapport a la mise au dehors. Meme si le traitement socio-spatial n’est pas identique – enfermer, ce n’est pas chasser – le but vis-a-vis de la communaute ne differe pas : il s’agit bien de proceder a l’extraction de l’element impur ; de le placer hors de la vue et dans l’impossibilite physique de contaminer. L’appartenance a la communaute est retiree. Et l’on pourrait se demander si le traitement differe substantiellement lorsque, envoye sur une nef aux destinations improbables, l’individu devient « prisonnier du passage », des entre-deux ou encore des nulle-part. La encore, l’indesirable fait ce qu’il veut pourvu qu’il devienne etranger a la communaute, peripherique au centre, mort en quelque sorte pour le corps social.

The Just City

Abstract: Justice has always been a major topic within political philosophy, but scholars in the behavioural sciences have largely avoided normative statements. After the urban uprisings of the 1960s and 1970s, however, leftist scholars adopted a critical approach that, while not specifying a concept of justice, injected a moral dimension into their work. Within urban studies, the argument of Henri Lefebvre, who defined space as a social construction and who maintained that all groups should have a ‘right to the city’, became particularly influential. During the 1990s, scholars began to be more explicit about the concept of justice. Three main approaches to urban justice were developed: (1) communicative rationality; (2) recognition of diversity; (3) the just city/spatial justice. Differences between the communicative and just city approaches revolved around emphasis on democracy versus equity, process versus outcome. I argue that democracy, diversity, and equity are the three governing principles for urban justice...

Struggling for the right to the (creative) city in Berlin and Hamburg: new urban social movements, new 'spaces of hope'?

Abstract: In cities across the globe there is mounting evidence of growing mobilization by members of the so-called ‘creative class’ in urban social movements, defending particular urban spaces and influencing urban development. This essay discusses the meaning of such developments with reference to the hypothesis made by David Harvey in Spaces of Capital about the increasing mobilization of cultural producers in oppositional movements in an era of wholesale instrumentalization of culture and ‘creativity’ in contemporary processes of capitalist urbanization. After briefly reviewing recent scholarly contributions on the transformations of urban social movements, as well as Harvey's hypothesis about the potential role of cultural producers in mobilizations for the construction of ‘spaces of hope’, the essay describes two specific urban protests that have occurred in Berlin and Hamburg in recent years: the fight for Berlin's waterfront in the Media Spree area, and the conflict centred on the Gangeviertel in Hamburg. In both protests artists, cultural producers and creative milieux have played a prominent role. The essay analyses the composition, agenda, contribution and contradictions of the coalitions behind the protests, discussing whether such movements represent the seeds of new types of coalitions with a wide-ranging agenda for urban change. The essay finally proposes a future research agenda on the role of artists, cultural producers and the ‘creative class’ in urban social movements across the globe.

Protest and resistance in the tourist city

Abstract: Across the globe, from established tourist destinations such as Venice or Prague to less traditional destinations in both the global North and South, there is mounting evidence that points to an increasing politicization of the topic of urban tourism. In some cities, residents and other stakeholders take issue with the growth of tourism as such, as well as the negative impacts it has on their cities; while in others, particular forms and effects of tourism are contested or deplored. In numerous settings, contestations revolve less around tourism itself than around broader processes, policies and forces of urban change perceived to threaten the right to ‘stay put’, the quality of life or identity of existing urban populations. This book for the first time looks at urban tourism as a source of contention and dispute and analyses what type of conflicts and contestations have emerged around urban tourism in 16 cities across Europe, North America, South America and Asia. It explores the various ways in which community groups, residents and other actors have responded to – and challenged – tourism development in an international and multi-disciplinary perspective. The title links the largely discrete yet interconnected disciplines of ‘urban studies’ and ‘tourism studies’ and draws on approaches and debates from urban sociology; urban policy and politics; urban geography; urban anthropology; cultural studies; urban design and planning; tourism studies and tourism management. This ground breaking volume offers new insight into the conflicts and struggles generated by urban tourism and will be of interest to students, researchers and academics from the fields of tourism, geography, planning, urban studies, development studies, anthropology, politics and sociology.

Beyond the Creative City: Cognitive–Cultural Capitalism and the New Urbanism

Abstract: Scott A. J. Beyond the creative city: cognitive–cultural capitalism and the new urbanism, Regional Studies. Creativity is a concept whose time has come in economic and urban geography. It is also a concept that calls for enormous circumspection. An attempt is made to show that the interdependent processes of learning, creativity and innovation are situated within concrete fields of social relationships. Because much existing research on creative cities fails adequately to grasp this point, it tends to offer a flawed representation of urban dynamics and leads in many instances to essentially regressive policy advocacies. Cognitive–cultural capitalism is a more robust theoretical framework through which contemporary urbanization processes can be described. The framework of cognitive–cultural capitalism shapes the peculiar logic of learning, creativity and innovation that are observed in cities today but also has many wider and deeper impacts on urban outcomes. It has important policy implications so a criti...

Neutralidad del Estado y protección de la autonomía religiosa en Europa

Abstract: El deber de neutralidad religiosa entendido como criterio de actuacion de la actividad de los Estados en la gestion del hecho social religioso, cobra cada vez mayor peso en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos relacionada con la proteccion del derecho de libertad religiosa y de creencias. Implicito en el articulo 9 del Convenio, la Corte de Estrasburgo ha identificado en este mandato uno de sus principios generales mas sobresalientes. Desde planteamientos cercanos a los postulados del liberalismo clasico, que niega a los poderes publicos competencia para valorar la validez o legitimidad secular de creencias y practicas religiosas, el Estado es percibido por el Tribunal, sobre todo, como un organizador neutral e imparcial de la vida religiosa de la polis y como el garante ultimo del orden publico y del pluralismo. El proposito de esta tesis es indagar, a partir del analisis casuistico de la jurisprudencia de Estrasburgo, en que sentido y con que efectos es interpretado y aplicado el principio de neutralidad en un contexto muy concreto: el que se refiere a la proteccion del derecho de autonomia de los grupos religiosos, tanto en su capacidad para gestionar sus asuntos internos libres de interferencias arbitrarias del Estado; como para desenvolverse con plenitud en sus relaciones externas en el trafico juridico de los paises en los que estan presentes. Finalmente, se trata de buscar responder a la pregunta de cual es la operatividad real de un mandato al que sistematicamente se acude como factor determinante en la gestion de la proyeccion social del factor religioso. Como, cuando y cuanto afecta la actuacion neutral —o no neutral del Estado— a creyentes y comunidades religiosas...