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Gerard Mourou

Bio: Gerard Mourou is an academic researcher from École Polytechnique. The author has contributed to research in topics: Laser & Ultrashort pulse. The author has an hindex of 82, co-authored 653 publications receiving 34147 citations. Previous affiliations of Gerard Mourou include University of Michigan & San Diego State University.


Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
20 Mar 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated X-ray laser pulse induced wakefield acceleration in a nanotube inside a solid material via 2D particle-in-cell simulations and discussed the improved emittance of the energy-rich electrons.
Abstract: We investigate X-ray laser pulse induced wakefield acceleration in a nanotube inside a solid material via 2D particle-in-cell simulations. Meanwhile, QED betatron radiation, improved emittance of the energitc electrons has been discussed.

1 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a change in the angle of emission was found to be beneficial in efficient isolated attosecond pulse production, where the laser plasma interaction reveals harmonic divergence <4 degrees and increasing with defocus.
Abstract: Laser plasma interaction reveals harmonic divergence <4 degrees and increasing with defocus. Circular polarization was found to cause a change in the angle of emission, which may be beneficial in efficient isolated attosecond pulse production.

1 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
22 May 2005
TL;DR: Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon (100) with thermal oxide thin films was studied in this paper in order to further understand the ablative properties of thin films and to evaluate their influence on the substrate.
Abstract: Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon (100) with thermal oxide thin films was studied in order to further understand the ablative properties of thin films and to evaluate their influence on the ablation of the substrate.

1 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
21 May 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the wavefront of a KHz TW laser was corrected by maximizing a third-harmonic signal via a genetic algorithm, which is well suited for high numerical aperture focusing optics.
Abstract: The wavefront of a KHz TW laser was corrected by maximizing a third-harmonic signal via a genetic algorithm. This method optimizes the whole beam and is well suited for high numerical aperture focusing optics.

1 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an adaptive and programmable module allowing the spatial control of the beam amplitude and the correction of the phase distortions due to the optical components and the gain media of the laser chain is presented.
Abstract: Space aberration effects which arise in high energy or in high average power laser chains are important parameters to control in order to emit a beam quality close to the diffraction limit. For that purpose we present recent experiments using an original adaptive and programmable module allowing the spatial control of the beam amplitude and the correction of the phase distortions due to the optical components and the gain media of the laser chain. Beam shaping is achieved by an optically addressed photoconductor-liquid crystal light valve. The light valve is addressed in the blue-green spectral range by incoherent projection of a VGA liquid crystal display. This adaptive optics module controls either the amplitude or the phase of near infrared laser beams depending on the liquid crystal operating mode. The other specific characteristics of the module will be detailed: no spurious diffraction effects, up to 10(pi) phase excursion and tri-lateral wavefront sensor. Experimental results of compensation of aberrations introduced on different laser beams will also be presented.

1 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI

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08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

9,929 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Oct 2012-Nature
TL;DR: This work reviews recent progress in graphene research and in the development of production methods, and critically analyse the feasibility of various graphene applications.
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed many breakthroughs in research on graphene (the first two-dimensional atomic crystal) as well as a significant advance in the mass production of this material. This one-atom-thick fabric of carbon uniquely combines extreme mechanical strength, exceptionally high electronic and thermal conductivities, impermeability to gases, as well as many other supreme properties, all of which make it highly attractive for numerous applications. Here we review recent progress in graphene research and in the development of production methods, and critically analyse the feasibility of various graphene applications.

7,987 citations

01 Dec 1982
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that any black hole will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons at just the rate that one would expect if the black hole was a body with a temperature of (κ/2π) (ħ/2k) ≈ 10−6 (M/M)K where κ is the surface gravity of the body.
Abstract: QUANTUM gravitational effects are usually ignored in calculations of the formation and evolution of black holes. The justification for this is that the radius of curvature of space-time outside the event horizon is very large compared to the Planck length (Għ/c3)1/2 ≈ 10−33 cm, the length scale on which quantum fluctuations of the metric are expected to be of order unity. This means that the energy density of particles created by the gravitational field is small compared to the space-time curvature. Even though quantum effects may be small locally, they may still, however, add up to produce a significant effect over the lifetime of the Universe ≈ 1017 s which is very long compared to the Planck time ≈ 10−43 s. The purpose of this letter is to show that this indeed may be the case: it seems that any black hole will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons at just the rate that one would expect if the black hole was a body with a temperature of (κ/2π) (ħ/2k) ≈ 10−6 (M/M)K where κ is the surface gravity of the black hole1. As a black hole emits this thermal radiation one would expect it to lose mass. This in turn would increase the surface gravity and so increase the rate of emission. The black hole would therefore have a finite life of the order of 1071 (M/M)−3 s. For a black hole of solar mass this is much longer than the age of the Universe. There might, however, be much smaller black holes which were formed by fluctuations in the early Universe2. Any such black hole of mass less than 1015 g would have evaporated by now. Near the end of its life the rate of emission would be very high and about 1030 erg would be released in the last 0.1 s. This is a fairly small explosion by astronomical standards but it is equivalent to about 1 million 1 Mton hydrogen bombs. It is often said that nothing can escape from a black hole. But in 1974, Stephen Hawking realized that, owing to quantum effects, black holes should emit particles with a thermal distribution of energies — as if the black hole had a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. In addition to putting black-hole thermodynamics on a firmer footing, this discovery led Hawking to postulate 'black hole explosions', as primordial black holes end their lives in an accelerating release of energy.

2,947 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging provide a powerful tool for the characterization of a broad range of materials, including semiconductors and biomolecules, as well as novel, higher-power terahertz sources.
Abstract: Terahertz spectroscopy systems use far-infrared radiation to extract molecular spectral information in an otherwise inaccessible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Materials research is an essential component of modern terahertz systems: novel, higher-power terahertz sources rely heavily on new materials such as quantum cascade structures. At the same time, terahertz spectroscopy and imaging provide a powerful tool for the characterization of a broad range of materials, including semiconductors and biomolecules.

2,673 citations