Author
Gereon Schares
Other affiliations: Agricultural Research Service, Free University of Berlin
Bio: Gereon Schares is an academic researcher from Friedrich Loeffler Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Neospora caninum & Toxoplasma gondii. The author has an hindex of 47, co-authored 204 publications receiving 7992 citations. Previous affiliations of Gereon Schares include Agricultural Research Service & Free University of Berlin.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.
977 citations
TL;DR: This review is focused on current status of neosporosis in animals based on papers published in the last five years and strategies for control and prevention are discussed.
559 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that the N. caninum-infection can be maintained over several generations at a nearly constant prevalence level, apparently without a need for dispersion by an definitive host.
283 citations
TL;DR: Although not a routine method of diagnosis, methods to isolate viable N. caninum from bovine tissues are reviewed, including histologic, serologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods for dignosis of bovines neosporosis.
282 citations
TL;DR: Faecal samples of 24,089 dogs were examined coproscopically in two veterinary laboratories in Germany between March 2001 and October 2004 and it may be possible to develop criteria for a preliminary identification of N. caninum in dog faeces based on the oocyst morphology.
196 citations
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10 Dec 2007
TL;DR: The experiments on both rice and human genome sequences demonstrate that EVM produces automated gene structure annotation approaching the quality of manual curation.
Abstract: EVidenceModeler (EVM) is presented as an automated eukaryotic gene structure annotation tool that reports eukaryotic gene structures as a weighted consensus of all available evidence. EVM, when combined with the Program to Assemble Spliced Alignments (PASA), yields a comprehensive, configurable annotation system that predicts protein-coding genes and alternatively spliced isoforms. Our experiments on both rice and human genome sequences demonstrate that EVM produces automated gene structure annotation approaching the quality of manual curation.
1,528 citations
TL;DR: This 2007 global P. falciparum malaria endemicity map is the first of a series with which it will be possible to monitor and evaluate the progress of this intervention process, and shows significant opportunities for malaria control in Africa and for malaria elimination elsewhere.
Abstract: Transmission intensity affects almost all aspects of malaria epidemiology and the impact of malaria on human populations. Maps of transmission intensity are necessary to identify populations at different levels of risk and to evaluate objectively options for disease control. To remain relevant operationally, such maps must be updated frequently. Following the first global effort to map Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity in 2007, this paper describes the generation of a new world map for the year 2010. This analysis is extended to provide the first global estimates of two other metrics of transmission intensity for P. falciparum that underpin contemporary questions in malaria control: the entomological inoculation rate (Pf EIR) and the basic reproductive number (PfR). Annual parasite incidence data for 13,449 administrative units in 43 endemic countries were sourced to define the spatial limits of P. falciparum transmission in 2010 and 22,212 P. falciparum parasite rate (Pf PR) surveys were used in a model-based geostatistical (MBG) prediction to create a continuous contemporary surface of malaria endemicity within these limits. A suite of transmission models were developed that link Pf PR to Pf EIR and PfR and these were fitted to field data. These models were combined with the Pf PR map to create new global predictions of Pf EIR and PfR. All output maps included measured uncertainty. An estimated 1.13 and 1.44 billion people worldwide were at risk of unstable and stable P. falciparum malaria, respectively. The majority of the endemic world was predicted with a median Pf EIR of less than one and a median PfRc of less than two. Values of either metric exceeding 10 were almost exclusive to Africa. The uncertainty described in both Pf EIR and PfR was substantial in regions of intense transmission. The year 2010 has a particular significance as an evaluation milestone for malaria global health policy. The maps presented here contribute to a rational basis for control and elimination decisions and can serve as a baseline assessment as the global health community looks ahead to the next series of milestones targeted at 2015.
1,161 citations
TL;DR: This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.
977 citations
TL;DR: Seroprevalence of T. gondii in humans and pigs is declining and Modes of transmission, epidemiology and environmental contamination with oocysts on land and sea are discussed.
945 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity among Cryptosporidium spp A review of the biologic species concept, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and current practices for Cryptosporidium species designation calls for the establishment of guidelines for naming Cryptosporidium species All reports of new Cryptosporidium species should include at least four basic components: oocyst morphology, natural host specificity, genetic characterizations, and compliance with the ICZN Altogether, 13 Cryptosporidium spp are currently recognized: C muris, C andersoni, C parvum, C hominis, C wrairi, C felis; and C cannis in mammals; C baileyi, C meleagridis, and C galli in birds; C serpentis and C saurophilum in reptiles; and C molnari in fish With the establishment of a framework for naming Cryptosporidium species and the availability of new taxonomic tools, there should be less confusion associated with the taxonomy of the genus Cryptosporidium The clarification of Cryptosporidium taxonomy is also useful for understanding the biology of Cryptosporidium spp, assessing the public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp in animals and the environment, characterizing transmission dynamics, and tracking infection and contamination sources
801 citations