Gerold M. Grodsky

TL;DR: A unifying hypothesis is proposed whereby hyperglycemia and FFA-induced activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB, p38 MAPK, and NH2-terminal Jun kinases/stress-activated protein kinases stress pathways plays a key role in causing late complications in type 1 and type 1 diabetes, along with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: It is proposed here that the hyperglycemia- induced, and possibly FFA-induced, activation of stress pathways plays a key role in the development of not only the late complications in type 1 and type 1 diabetes, but also the insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion seen in type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: An important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas is indicated by the previously demonstrated presence of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

TL;DR: The dynamics of insulin release in response to relatively long infusions of glucose were studied in the isolated perfused rat pancreas and Histological examination of the perfused pancreases and measurement of oxygen consumption by these tissues indicated that optimal physiological conditions were used.

TL;DR: The present study utilizes the immunochemical assay of serum insulin levels as well as traditional indices of carbohydrate metabolism to investigate the response to glucose loads both in nondiabetic obese subjects assumed to be potentially prediabetic and in normal controls.