Spatial modulation (SM) is a recently developed transmission technique that uses multiple antennas. The basic idea is to map a block of information bits to two information carrying units: 1) a symbol that was chosen from a constellation diagram and 2) a unique transmit antenna number that was chosen from a set of transmit antennas. The use of the transmit antenna number as an information-bearing unit increases the overall spectral efficiency by the base-two logarithm of the number of transmit antennas. At the receiver, a maximum receive ratio combining algorithm is used to retrieve the transmitted block of information bits. Here, we apply SM to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. We develop an analytical approach for symbol error ratio (SER) analysis of the SM algorithm in independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh channels. The analytical and simulation results closely match. The performance and the receiver complexity of the SM-OFDM technique are compared to those of the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST-OFDM) and Alamouti-OFDM algorithms. V-BLAST uses minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection with ordered successive interference cancellation. The combined effect of spatial correlation, mutual antenna coupling, and Rician fading on both coded and uncoded systems are presented. It is shown that, for the same spectral efficiency, SM results in a reduction of around 90% in receiver complexity as compared to V-BLAST and nearly the same receiver complexity as Alamouti. In addition, we show that SM achieves better performance in all studied channel conditions, as compared with other techniques. It is also shown to efficiently work for any configuration of transmit and receive antennas, even for the case of fewer receive antennas than transmit antennas.

Spatial Modulation

accademiche [38]. Ada [45]. Adrian [45]. African [56]. Age [39, 49, 61]. Al [23]. Al-Rawi [23]. Aldous [68]. Alex [15]. Allure [46]. America [60, 66]. American [49, 69, 61, 52]. ancienne [25]. Andreas [28]. Angela [42]. Animals [16]. Ann [26]. Anna [19, 47]. Annotated [46]. Annotations [28]. Anti [37]. Anti-Copernican [37]. Antibiotic [64]. Anxiety [51]. Apocalyptic [61]. Archaeology [26]. Ark [36]. Artisan [32]. Asylum [48]. Atri [54]. Audra [65]. Australia [41]. Authorship [15]. Axelle [29].

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A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Isis, 2000{2009

Meta-analysis is an indispensable tool used to synthesize research findings in the social, educational, medical, management, and behavioral sciences. Most meta-analytic models assume independence among effect sizes. However, effect sizes can be dependent for various reasons. For example, studies might report multiple effect sizes on the same construct, and effect sizes reported by participants from the same cultural group are likely to be more similar than those reported by other cultural groups. This article reviews the problems and common methods to handle dependent effect sizes. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how 3-level meta-analyses can be used to model dependent effect sizes. The advantages of the structural equation modeling approach over the multilevel approach with regard to conducting a 3-level meta-analysis are discussed. This article also seeks to extend the key concepts of Q statistics, I2, and R2 from 2-level meta-analyses to 3-level meta-analyses. The proposed procedures are implemented using the open source metaSEM package for the R statistical environment. Two real data sets are used to illustrate these procedures. New research directions related to 3-level meta-analyses are discussed.

Modeling dependent effect sizes with three-level meta-analyses: a structural equation modeling approach.

These lecture notes highlight the mathematical and computational structure relating to the formulation of, and development of algorithms for, the Bayesian
approach to inverse problems in differential equations. This approach is fundamental
in the quantification of uncertainty within applications in
volving the blending of mathematical models with data. The finite dimensional situation is described first, along with
some motivational examples. Then the development of probability measures on separable Banach space is undertaken, using a random series over an
infinite set of functions to
construct draws; these probability measures are used as
priors
in the Bayesian approach
to inverse problems. Regularity of draws from the
priors
is studied in the natural Sobolev
or Besov spaces implied by the choice of functions in the random series construction, and the Kolmogorov continuity
theorem is used to extend regularity considerations to the
space of Holder continuous functions. Bayes’ theorem is de
rived in this prior setting, and here interpreted as finding conditions under which the posterior is absolutely continuous with respect to the prior, and determining a formula for the Radon-Nikodym derivative in terms of the
likelihood of the data. Having established the form of the
posterior, we then describe various properties common to it in the infinite dimensional setting. These
properties include well-posedness, approximation theory, and the existence of maximum a posteriori estimators. We then describe measure-preserving dynamics, again on the
infinite dimensional space, including Markov chain-Monte C
arlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods, and measure-preserving reversible stochastic differential equations. By
formulating the theory and algorithms on the underlying infinite dimensional space, we obtain a framework suitable for rigorous analysis of the accuracy of reconstructions, of
computational complexity, as well as naturally constructing algorithms which perform well under mesh refinement, since they are inherently well-defined in infinite dimensions.

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The Bayesian Approach to Inverse Problems

When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, according to standard theoretical perspectives, people will choose the option with the highest cost--benefit difference. However, we propose that decisions about free zero price products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead they perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher.

We test this proposal by contrasting demand for two products across conditions that maintain the price difference between the goods, but vary the prices such that the cheaper good in the set is priced at either a low positive or zero price. In contrast with a standard cost--benefit perspective, in the zero-price condition, dramatically more participants choose the cheaper option, whereas dramatically fewer participants choose the more expensive option. Thus, people appear to act as if zero pricing of a good not only decreases its cost, but also adds to its benefits. After documenting this basic effect, we propose and test several psychological antecedents of the effect, including social norms, mapping difficulty, and affect. Affect emerges as the most likely account for the effect.

Zero as a Special Price: The True Value of Free Products

However, despite its claims, this book is an excellent introduction to mathematical modelling, with a wealth of interesting case studies and lovely mathematics that will appeal to many of its target audience final year undergraduates, Masters and PhD students working in 'practical' mathematical modelling. The source of most of the case studies comes from the Study Groups with Industry and Mathematics that originated in 1968 at Oxford, organized by Alan Taylor and Leslie Fox, but is now a global activity. The book describes the type of problem, how they are approached and funded (typically a surprisingly cheap £10 000 to £15 000). The first chapter covers the mathematical preliminaries for the case studies which are all based on continuous media, and so all that is needed is diffusion and flow and deformation of solids and fluids. The next four chapters are based on elliptic partial differential equations and relate to simulation of a type of compressor, determination of the viscosity of a carbon paste used in smelting, simulation of an instrument for determining density, and modelling a form of nondestructive testing of pressure vessels. There follow six chapters devoted to a range of applications of the diffusion equation and various non-linear effects. These cover the cooking of a single cereal grain, waves of epidemics in animal populations, catalytic converters, problems with blast furnaces, the cooling of hot glass, and crystal growth. Chapter 11 looks at the load responses of filled viscoelastic materials. The last two chapters, based on hyperbolic equations, model the noise produced by a bird scare gun and the paper tension variations in a printing press.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/FB9EBD3320909B8F7F968615CD8463B2/S0025557200173425a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-statistical-inference-span-2nd-edn-by-paul-h-garthwaite-ian-t-jolliffe-and-byron-jones-pp-328-40-hbk-2002-isbn-0-19-857226-3-oxford-university-press-div.pdf

Statistical inference (2nd edn), by Paul H. Garthwaite, Ian T. Jolliffe and Byron Jones. Pp.328. £40 (hbk). 2002. ISBN 0 19 857226 3 (Oxford University Press).

distribution, queuing theory, random walks, and so on. On many topical issues he is prepared to admit that there are no definitive answers, considering, inter alia, the following questions: how convinced are we that the trends in climate change over the past thirty years are an indication of global warming rather than just random fluctuations? how much belief can there be in miracles? is the movement of share prices better explained by chaos theory than by statistics? He also emphasizes that issues such as psychology and economic efficiency sometimes have as much of a bearing on eventual decisions as purely statistical considerations.

Foundations of modern probability (2nd edn), by Olav Kallenberg. Pp. 638. £49 (hbk). 2002. ISBN 0 387 95313 2 (Springer-Verlag).

Triangle centers and central triangles , by Clark Kimberling. Pp. 295. $42.90. 1998. ISSN 0316 1282 ( Congressum Numerantium , Vol. 129, Winnipeg).

Zero: the biography of a dangerous idea, by Charles Seife. Pp. 248. £18.99. 2000. ISBN 0 285 63 586 7 (Souvenir Press). - The Nothing that is: a natural history of zero, by Robert Kaplan. Pp. 238. £6.99. 1999. ISBN 0 14027943 1 (Penguin Books).

You are then told of a rule that if a card has a vowel on one side, it has an even number on the other. Which cards do you need to turn over to make sure they all satisfy this rule? The blurb speaks of 'thorough revisions that improve accessibility'; that accessibility has been improved cannot be disputed, but the thoroughness can. For example, reference is made incorrectly to a theorem 4.1; an exercise requires an understanding of idempotence although the concept is not discussed in the text; and most curiously, a section on how to solve algebraic inequalities is sandwiched in the chapter on set theory, between a description of the notation for real intervals and an explanation of indexed sets. Again, when so much has been done to improve accessibility in other sections, it is disappointing to note that the description of injections and surjections is inferior to that in many other texts; some schematic diagrams would have helped enormously.

Gerry Leversha

Papers

Statistical inference (2nd edn), by Paul H. Garthwaite, Ian T. Jolliffe and Byron Jones. Pp.328. £40 (hbk). 2002. ISBN 0 19 857226 3 (Oxford University Press).

Foundations of modern probability (2nd edn), by Olav Kallenberg. Pp. 638. £49 (hbk). 2002. ISBN 0 387 95313 2 (Springer-Verlag).

Triangle centers and central triangles , by Clark Kimberling. Pp. 295. $42.90. 1998. ISSN 0316 1282 ( Congressum Numerantium , Vol. 129, Winnipeg).

Zero: the biography of a dangerous idea, by Charles Seife. Pp. 248. £18.99. 2000. ISBN 0 285 63 586 7 (Souvenir Press). - The Nothing that is: a natural history of zero, by Robert Kaplan. Pp. 238. £6.99. 1999. ISBN 0 14027943 1 (Penguin Books).

Set theory: the third millennium edition , by Thomas Jech. Pp. 769. £77. 2003. ISBN 3 540 44085 2 (Springer).