Gert Jervan

Bio: Gert Jervan is an academic researcher from Tallinn University of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Built-in self-test & Fault coverage. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 100 publications receiving 795 citations. Previous affiliations of Gert Jervan include Linköping University & Polytechnic University of Turin.

Hybrid Built-In Self-Test and Test Generation Techniques for Digital Systems

Abstract: The technological development is enabling the production of increasingly complex electronic systems. All such systems must be verified and tested to guarantee their correct behavior. As the complexity grows, testing has become one of the most significant factors that contribute to the total development cost. In recent years, we have also witnessed the inadequacy of the established testing methods, most of which are based on low-level representations of the hardware circuits. Therefore, more work has to be done at abstraction levels higher than the classical gate and register-transfer levels. At the same time, the automatic test equipment based solutions have failed to deliver the required test quality. As a result, alternative testing methods have been studied, which has led to the development of built-in self-test (BIST) techniques. In this thesis, we present a novel hybrid BIST technique that addresses several areas where classical BIST methods have shortcomings. The technique makes use of both pseudorandom and deterministic testing methods, and is devised in particular for testing modern systems-on-chip. One of the main contributions of this thesis is a set of optimization methods to reduce the hybrid test cost while not sacrificing test quality. We have devel oped several optimization algorithms for different hybrid BIST architectures and design constraints. In addition, we have developed hybrid BIST scheduling methods for an abort-on-first-fail strategy, and proposed a method for energy reduction for hybrid BIST. Devising an efficient BIST approach requires different design modifications, such as insertion of scan paths as well as test pattern generators and signature analyzers. These modifications require careful testability analysis of the original design. In the latter part of this thesis, we propose a novel hierarchical test generation algorithm that can be used not only for manufacturing tests but also for testability analysis. We have also investigated the possibilities of generating test vectors at the early stages of the design cycle, starting directly from the behavioral description and with limited knowledge about the final implementation. Experiments, based on benchmark examples and industrial designs, have been carried out to demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed methodologies and techniques.

Test cost minimization for hybrid BIST

Abstract: This paper describes a hybrid BIST solution for testing systems-on-chip which combines pseudorandom test patterns with stored deterministic test patterns. A method is proposed to find the optimal balance between pseudorandom and stored test patterns to perform core test with minimum time and memory, without losing test quality. Two accurate algorithms are proposed for finding the optimal time-moment to stop pseudorandom test generation and to apply stored patterns. To speed up the optimization procedure, a method is proposed for fast estimation of the expected cost for different possible solutions with very low computational cost. Experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach for cost optimization of hybrid BIST.

Embedded Software Solutions for Development of Marine Navigation Light Systems. Sardtarkvara lahendused valgusnavigatsiooni süsteemide arendusel

Abstract: In recent decades, along with the development of microcontrollers, embedded systems are increasingly frequently used in areas designed for long-term autonomous operation. In addition, many of these systems are installed in hard to access areas for support personnel and also require very low power consumption. This thesis handles the software component of the new generation marine navigation light systems, problems that araised during the development of the embedded software, solutions for these problems and also tools and methods for testing embedded software. The main objectives of the thesis are methods, technical solutions, and recommendations of using existing embedded software developement methods for development highly constrained embedded systems. In this thesis are described methods and technical solutions, which are used in the marine navigation light systems. These methods have low memory and processor resources consumption, which is in many cases more important than accuracy of the mathematical functions. This thesis also handles briefly programming languages, which suits for embedded system development. Also are described different ways to develop automatically testable embedded software and are presented methods which allows to simplify testing of embedded systems, including using automated tests with continuous integration servers. The thesis provides recommendations and discuss disadvantages of various schedulers as well as proposes the preferred scheduler for small embedded systems. Both cooperative and preemptive schedulers are discussed, also was pointed out the possible performance and memory bottlenecks, which have influence on smaller embedded systems. Various approaches to resetting the watchdog resulting from the characteristics of multitasking programs are presented. Described methods are suitable for different schedulers and program structures. Optimisations for function calls, effectively changing the sequence of bytes, and some recommendations of using the AES cryptographic functions were given. Optimised functions are mainly targeted for smaller embedded systems allowing to reduce the use of memory and CPU consumption. An alternative approach to the use of dynamic memory, which is mostly designed for using in smaller embedded systems is presented, this approach can also be used in larger computers as well. The developed solution also allows to take into account the memory requirements when compiling the program. All of the above-mentioned methods, techniques and solutions have been applied in AS Cybernetica marine navigation light systems.

High-level and hierarchical test sequence generation

Abstract: Test generation at the gate-level produces high-quality tests but is computationally expensive in the case of large systems. Recently, several research efforts have investigated the possibility of devising test generation methods and tools to work on high-level descriptions. The goal of these methods is to provide the designers with testability information and test sequences in the early design stages. The cost for generating test sequences in the high abstraction levels is often lower than that for generating test sequences at the gate-level, with comparable or even higher fault coverage. This paper first analyses several high-level fault models in order to select the most suitable one for estimating the testability of circuits by reasoning on their behavioral descriptions and for guiding the test generation process at the behavioral level. We assess then the effectiveness of high-level test generation with a simple ATPG algorithm, and present a novel high-level hierarchical test generation approach to improve the results obtained by a pure high-level test generator.

Augmented Coaching Ecosystem for Non-obtrusive Adaptive Personalized Elderly Care on the basis of Cloud-Fog-Dew computing paradigm

Abstract: The concept of the augmented coaching ecosystem for non-obtrusive adaptive personalized elderly care is proposed on the basis of the integration of new and available ICT approaches. They include multimodal user interface (MMUI), augmented reality (AR), machine learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), and machine-to-machine (M2M) interactions. The ecosystem is based on the Cloud-Fog-Dew computing paradigm services, providing a full symbiosis by integrating the whole range from low level sensors up to high level services using integration efficiency inherent in synergistic use of applied technologies. Inside of this ecosystem, all of them are encapsulated in the following network layers: Dew, Fog, and Cloud computing layer. Instead of the “spaghetti connections”, “mosaic of buttons”, “puzzles of output data”, etc., the proposed ecosystem provides the strict division in the following dataflow channels: consumer interaction channel, machine interaction channel, and caregiver interaction channel. This concept allows to decrease the physical, cognitive, and mental load on elderly care stakeholders by decreasing the secondary human-to-human (H2H), human-to-machine (H2M), and machine-to-human (M2H) interactions in favor of M2M interactions and distributed Dew Computing services environment. It allows to apply this non-obtrusive augmented reality ecosystem for effective personalized elderly care to preserve their physical, cognitive, mental and social well-being.

わかりやすい障害者の権利条約 : 知的障害のある人の権利のために = Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities

Abstract: The present report is submitted in response to General Assembly resolution 61/106, by which the Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol thereto. As requested by the Assembly, a brief overview of the status of the Convention as at 3 August 2007 is presented. The report also contains a brief description of technical arrangements on staff and facilities made necessary for the effective performance of the functions of the Conference of States Parties and the Committee under the Convention and the Optional Protocol, and a description on the progressive implementation of standards and guidelines for the accessibility of facilities and services of the United Nations system. Recent efforts of the United Nations and agencies to disseminate information on the Convention and the Optional Protocol are also described.

Monitoring the Implementation of the UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities

Abstract: Monitoring the Implementation of the UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities

Breathing Rate Estimation From the Electrocardiogram and Photoplethysmogram: A Review

Abstract: Breathing rate (BR) is a key physiological parameter used in a range of clinical settings. Despite its diagnostic and prognostic value, it is still widely measured by counting breaths manually. A plethora of algorithms have been proposed to estimate BR from the electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulse oximetry (photoplethysmogram, PPG) signals. These BR algorithms provide opportunity for automated, electronic, and unobtrusive measurement of BR in both healthcare and fitness monitoring. This paper presents a review of the literature on BR estimation from the ECG and PPG. First, the structure of BR algorithms and the mathematical techniques used at each stage are described. Second, the experimental methodologies that have been used to assess the performance of BR algorithms are reviewed, and a methodological framework for the assessment of BR algorithms is presented. Third, we outline the most pressing directions for future research, including the steps required to use BR algorithms in wearable sensors, remote video monitoring, and clinical practice.

Diagnosis and reliable design of digital systems

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