Showing papers by "Gert Pfurtscheller published in 2002"
TL;DR: With adequate recognition and effective engagement of all issues, BCI systems could eventually provide an important new communication and control option for those with motor disabilities and might also give those without disabilities a supplementary control channel or a control channel useful in special circumstances.
6,803 citations
TL;DR: A bootstrap-based method is presented which gives time-frequency maps showing only significant changes of ERD or ERS in predetermined frequency bands, demonstrating how easily reactive channels and their spatio-temporal and frequency-specific characteristics can be identified by means of this method.
284 citations
TL;DR: Shannon's communication theory was used to quantify the information rate of BCI data and the entropy difference was used as a measure of the separability of two classes of EEG patterns.
Abstract: An EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) could be used as an additional communication channel between human thoughts and the environment. The efficacy of such a BCI depends mainly on the transmitted information rate. Shannon's communication theory was used to quantify the information rate of BCI data. For this purpose, experimental EEG data from four BCI experiments was analyzed off-line. Subjects imaginated left and right hand movements during EEG recording from the sensorimotor area. Adaptive autoregressive (AAR) parameters were used as features of single trial EEG and classified with linear discriminant analysis. The intra-trial variation as well as the inter-trial variability, the signal-to-noise ratio, the entropy of information, and the information rate were estimated. The entropy difference was used as a measure of the separability of two classes of EEG patterns.
148 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that both phenomena can be interpreted as responses of different neuronal structures in sensorimotor areas.
60 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The fields of presence research and electroencephalography (EEG) are related in, at least, two ways: Firstly, EEG can be used to analyse the neurophysiological phenomena related to presence research, and secondly,EEG can be use to control external devices with a so-called “brain computer interface” (BCI).
Abstract: The fields of presence research and electroencephalography (EEG) are related in, at least, two ways. Firstly, EEG can be used to analyse the neurophysiological phenomena related to presence research. For example, EEG might be useful to investigate the question of ‘breaks in presence’. Secondly, EEG can be used to control external devices with a so-called “brain computer interface” (BCI). Such a BCI might be also used for controlling a virtual environment.
28 citations
TL;DR: An EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) was used here for the first time, transferring purely mental activity to a control signal, and the patient has the capability to open or close the hand orthosis only by imagination of a movement.
Abstract: A report is given on the realization of a steering mechanism of a hand orthosis for a patient with paraplegia. An EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) was used here for the first time, transferring purely mental activity to a control signal. This means that the patient has the capability to open or close the hand orthosis only by imagination of a movement. At this time, after a training period of about four months, the patient is able to move the hand orthosis with a certainty of almost hundred percent. The restored grasp function was verified by a grasp function test. Results are compared to those obtained using a conventional EMG-controlled orthosis.
5 citations
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