https://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/download/eeglab_jnm03.pdf

EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control.

We have set up a brain-computer interface to be used as an input device to a highly immersive virtual reality Cave-like system. We have carried out two navigation experiments: three subjects were required to rotate in a virtual bar room by imagining left or right hand movement, and to walk along a single dimension in a virtual street by imagining foot or hand movement. In this paper we focus on the subjective user experience of navigating virtual reality “by thought”, and on the interrelations between BCI and presence.

/pdf/navigating-virtual-reality-by-thought-first-steps-5elphsva0w.pdf

Navigating Virtual Reality by Thought: First Steps

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are systems that establish a direct connection between the human brain and a computer, thus providing an additional communication channel. In patients suffering from a high spinal cord injury (SCI), BCIs can be used to control neuroprostheses such as functional electrical stimulation for grasp restoration. In this paper, we describe a training procedure that allows subjects to produce one brain pattern (elicited with motor imagery) of two different durations (e.g., 1s and 3s). For this purpose a “Jump and Run” game was implemented. Results of 5 able-bodied subjects show that it is possible to elicit one brain pattern over two different durations.

Game-like Training to Learn Single Switch Operated Neuroprosthetic Control

One important feature of the baroreflex loop is its strong preference for oscillations around 0.1 Hz. In this study, we investigated heart rate intervals, arterial blood pressure (BP), and prefrontal oxyhemoglobin changes during 5 min rest and during brisk finger movements in 19 healthy subjects. We analyzed the phase coupling around 0.1 Hz between cardiovascular and (de)oxyhemoglobin oscillations, using the cross-spectral method. The analyses revealed phase shifts for slow oscillations in BP and heart rate intervals between -10° and -118° (BP always leading). These phase shifts increased significantly (p <; 0.01) in the movement session. The coupling between cardiovascular and oxyhemoglobin oscillations was less clear. Only 12 subjects demonstrated a phase coupling (COH2 ≥ 0.5) between oxyhemoglobin and BP oscillations. This may be explained by an overwhelming proportion of nonlinearity in cardiovascular and hemodynamic systems. The phase shifts between slow cardiovascular and hemodynamic oscillations are relatively stable subject-specific biometric features and could be of interest for person identification in addition to other biometric data. Slow BP-coupled oscillations in prefrontal oxyhemoglobin changes can seriously impair the detection of mentally induced hemodynamic changes in an optical brain-computer interface, a novel nonmuscular communication system.

About the Stability of Phase Shifts Between Slow Oscillations Around 0.1 Hz in Cardiovascular and Cerebral Systems

The aim of the present study was to investigate the most significant frequency components in electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings in order to operate a brain computer interface (BCI). For this purpose the time-frequency ERD/ERS map and the distinction sensitive learning vector quantization (DSLVQ) are applied to ECoG from three subjects, recorded during a self-paced finger movement. The results show that the ERD/ERS pattern found in ECoG generally matches the ERD/ERS pattern found in EEG recordings, but has an increased prevalence of frequency components in the beta range.

Frequency component selection for an ECoG-based brain-computer interface.

A direct brain interface (DBI) based on the detection of event-related potentials (ERPs) in human electrocorticogram (ECoG) is under development. Accurate detection has been demonstrated with this approach (near 100% on a few channels) using a single-channel cross-correlation template matching (CCTM) method. Several opportunities for improved detection accuracy have been identified. Detection using a multiple-channel CCTM method and a variety of detection methods that take advantage of the simultaneous occurrence of ERPs and event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) have been demonstrated to offer potential for improved detection accuracy.

/pdf/electrocorticogram-as-the-basis-for-a-direct-brain-interface-bvrprew0j4.pdf

Gert Pfurtscheller

Papers

Navigating Virtual Reality by Thought: First Steps

Game-like Training to Learn Single Switch Operated Neuroprosthetic Control

About the Stability of Phase Shifts Between Slow Oscillations Around 0.1 Hz in Cardiovascular and Cerebral Systems

Frequency component selection for an ECoG-based brain-computer interface.

Electrocorticogram as the basis for a direct brain interface: Opportunities for improved detection accuracy