https://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/download/eeglab_jnm03.pdf

EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control.

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a communication system in which messages or commands that a user wishes to convey pass not through the brain's normal output pathways to the muscles but are instead extracted directly from brain signals. The basis for this is that mental activity (thought) can modify the bioelectrical brain activity and is therefore encoded in the recorded signals.

Brain-Computer Interface - state of the art and future prospects

An instrument has been developed which provides quantitative information about hand contractions. The subject must press a rubber balloon for a certain number of times. The information concerning the hand contractions is expressed in terms of certain parameters of the mean pressure time function, which is generated by the hand contractions of the rubber balloon. The parameters are pressure duration, maximum pressure, pressure integral, pressure increase and pressure decrease. The design is based on a hybrid pressure transducer and a microcomputer. The microcomputer controls the course of the measurement and calculates the paramaters at the end. The small size, only four command switches and the six-digit LED display for parameter presentation make the instrument easy for use in the clinic. Experiments made with the instrument (Elektro-Dynamo-Meter) gave significant measurable differences between the parameters of the dominant and the nondominant hand. A comparative study with previous measurements showed slightly more accurate results with the Elektro-Dynamo-Meter.

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6432048/Duym_10.1007_BF02442750.pdf

Measurement of the quality of hand contractions.

The heart rate (HR) can be modulated by diverse mental activities ranging from stimulus anticipation to higher order cognitive information processing. In the present study we report on HR changes during word translation and examine how the HR is influenced by the difficulty of the translation task. Twelve students of translation and interpreting were presented English high- and low-frequency words as well as familiar and unfamiliar technical terms that had to be translated into German. Analyses revealed that words of higher translation difficulty were accompanied by a more pronounced HR deceleration than words that were easier to translate. We additionally show that anticipatory HR deceleration and HR changes induced by motor preparation and activity due to typing the translation do not depend on task difficulty. These results provide first evidence of a link between task difficulty in language translation and event-related HR changes.

Phasic heart rate changes during word translation of different difficulties.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in 14 artificially ventilated patients (12 males, 2 females; mean age 33.3 ± 16.3 years, range 18-67) with respiratory insufficiency resulting from severe inflammatory encephalopathies. The results were compared with those of 17 healthy volunteers (13 males, 4 females; mean age 27.4 ± 5.3 years, range 21-45). BAEPs in the study patients showed prolonged interpeak latencies (I-III. I-V, III-V, IV-V) and delayed absolute latencies of waves I, II, III and V at least on one side. Because the auditory pathways are in the near vicinity of the respiratory control centers in the brainstem, the electrophysiologic abnormalities of wave III and the IV/V complex may be a reflection of disturbed central control of ventilation.

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Respiratory Insufficiency Following Encephalitis

In this paper we present a study of spline surface Laplacian (LP), linear estimation (LE) and analytical deblurring (AD) utilized to improve the spatial resolution of single trial EEG data. AD is a method to reconstruct the potential distribution on the cortical surface. The dependency of AD on the electrode grid size as well as the sensitivity to uncorrelated noise and errors in the volume conductor model are investigated in detail and compared with LP. Finally, all methods (LP, LE and AD) are applied to single trial EEG data recorded in three subjects during voluntary and self-paced extension and flexion movements of the right index finger. In each subject postmovement beta oscillations were found in specific frequency bands. Cortical dipolar source strengths were reconstructed by LE and cortex potentials were estimated with AD. Both results are compared with LP calculated from the scalp EEG. All methods, although having different theoretical basis, yield similar results and reveal a maximal event-related synchronization over the left sensorimotor area approximately 500-875 ms after termination of the movement.

Gert Pfurtscheller

Papers

Brain-Computer Interface - state of the art and future prospects

Measurement of the quality of hand contractions.

Phasic heart rate changes during word translation of different difficulties.

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Respiratory Insufficiency Following Encephalitis

Post-Movement EEG Synchronization Studied with Different High Resolution Methods