When pharmacists incorporate clinical practice into their routine, barriers and facilitators influence the implementation of patient care services. Three focus groups were conducted with 11 pharmacists who were working for the Farmacia Popular do Brasil program on the establishment, implementation, and consolidation of clinical pharmacy services. The perception of the pharmacists in Brazil about the program was that it facilitated access to health care and medication. The distance between neighboring cities made it difficult for patients to return for services. Lack of staff training created a lack of communication skills and knowledge. The pharmacists wanted to have increased technical support, skill development opportunities, and monitoring of researchers who assessed progress of the service. Pharmacists overcame many of their insecurities and felt more proactive and committed to quality service. Positive experiences in service implementations have shown that it is possible to develop a model of clinical services in community pharmacies.

Establishment, Implementation, and Consolidation of Clinical Pharmacy Services in Community Pharmacies: Perceptions of a Group of Pharmacists

During the process of implementation of clinical pharmacy services, internal and external factors may favor or hinder the incorporation of care into the hospital routine. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil. A focus group with 16 pharmacists and interviews with tree key stakeholders including managers in the pharmaceutical, medical, and nursing profession were conducted to understand their perceptions of the implementation clinical pharmacy services in a high complexity public hospital in Brazil. The service proposal was presented to the selected participants before conducting the focus group. Professionals with an overview of the hospital and influence on the relevant departments for the implementation of clinical pharmacy at the institution were selected. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed using the Bardin Content Analysis technique. Data analyzed were systematized into categories and registration units. The methodology involves the organization and analysis of reported content to make inferences. The data obtained were divided into four categories: “Perception of the current situation”, “Implementation expectations”, “Barriers to implementation”, “Implementation facilitators”. Participants discussed the stagnation of clinical activities of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil, a reality that results from a lack of clinical training in the country. Pharmacists expressed their expectations for changes in professional performance. According to the managers, such services would positively affect clinical outcomes for patients. Gaps in academic education, lack of knowledge, and poor communication skills were barriers reported in this study. Pharmacists’ clinical experience has been reported to facilitate the provision of services. This study highlights factors that may influence the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in the institution analyzed, such as resistance, fear, and frustration as barriers, as well the experience in clinical pharmacy of some pharmacists in the institution was one of the facilitators most cited by participants. This knowledge may aid future planning for the implementation of clinical pharmacy in hospitals.

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Perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil

Community pharmacy practice setting provides the opportunity for pharmacists to be \"the most accessible health care providers”, however still the role of the pharmacists considered as product oriented and mainly concentrate on distribution and prescription filling. In order for advanced pharmacy practice to become an effective reality we must be willing to admit certain challenges embodied by barriers to pharmaceutical care. Thus, this study considered as the first of its kind to be held in UAE community pharmacies aimed to explore the extent of obstacles to the professional services provided through community pharmacies in the UAE and to provide baseline data critical to inform the development of strategies to success implementation of pharmaceutical care. Descriptive Qualitative Survey was conducted, which involved exploring data from randomly selected pharmacists working in different UAE community pharmacies. The respondents asked to indicate the degree of the agreement to (37) barriers to the application of pharmaceutical care, using 5-point Likert-type scale. SPSS software program for windows Version (20) used to perform statistical analysis needed. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe pharmacists' responses. MannWhitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to assess the association between these barriers and demographic characteristics. Overall results showed that; lack of time (64.7%), insufficient staff number (61.9%) and lack of motivation (61.1%) are the main barriers to provide pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists in the UAE. The provision of pharmaceutical care is not regarded as such over the seven emirates. Although same barriers can be identified, their local importance showed some differences. There were significant differences in gender, age and experience in the estimate of barriers. Pharmacists expressed a willingness to implement pharmaceutical care practice but have recognized a number of barriers to successful implementation.

/pdf/barriers-to-the-implementation-of-pharmaceutical-care-into-2x6tpwxnit.pdf

Barriers to the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care into the UAE community pharmacies

Osteoporosis has significant impact on healthcare costs and quality of life. Amongst the models for collaborative disease state management services published internationally, there is sparse evidence regarding the role of community pharmacists in the provision of osteoporosis care. Hence, the aim of our study was to explore community pharmacists’ opinions (including the barriers and facilitators) and scope of osteoporosis disease state management services by community pharmacists in Malaysia, informing a vision for developing these services. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups discussions were conducted with community pharmacists from October 2013 to July 2014. Three trained researchers interviewed the participants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically using an interpretative description approach. Nineteen community pharmacists with 1–23 years of experience were recruited (in depth interviews: n = 9; focus group discussions: n = 10). These participants reflected on their experience with osteoporosis-related enquiries, which included medication counseling, bone density screening and referral of at-risk patients. Key barriers were the lack of numerous factors: public awareness of osteoporosis, accurate osteoporosis screening tools for community pharmacists, pharmacists’ knowledge on osteoporosis disease and medications, time to counsel patients about bone health, collaboration between pharmacists and doctors, and support from the government and professional body. The pharmacists wanted more continuing education on osteoporosis, osteoporosis awareness campaigns, a simple, unbiased osteoporosis education material, and inter-professional collaboration practices with doctors, and pharmacists’ reimbursement for osteoporosis care. The involvement of community pharmacists in the provision of osteoporosis disease state management was minimal. Only ad-hoc counseling on osteoporosis prevention was performed by community pharmacists. Development and trial of collaborative osteoporosis disease state management services in community pharmacy could be facilitated by training, support and remuneration.

/pdf/a-qualitative-study-of-community-pharmacists-opinions-on-the-1uhvdf23dr.pdf

A qualitative study of community pharmacists' opinions on the provision of osteoporosis disease state management services in Malaysia

In the last five years, the pressure to implement pharmaceutical care focuses on the patient getting stronger The current standard of pharmacy care at a pharmacy established by regulation of health minister number 73/2016, as a guideline for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in organizing pharmaceutical care This research was conducted in the city of Jambi in order to determine implementation of pharmaceutical care standard at pharmacy, to identify the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in implementing pharmaceutical care in the Jambi city’s pharmacy This study is an observational descriptive study, conducted with a survey phase, followed by a phase of observation and in-depth interviews phase Total respondents who conducted a survey of 105 pharmacist from 143 pharmacies Then performed an observation using a checklist sheet at 20 pharmacies and in-depth interviews on 17 pharmacists The questionnaire survey used convenience sampling technique and sampling techniques for observation and in-depth interviews with maximum variation sampling Methods of data analysis was done descriptively to see the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard Qualitative data were presented descriptively to identify supporting and barriers factors Results of the research are based on a survey, in managing the pharmaceutical, medical supplies and consumable medical materials carried out by pharmacist assisted pharmacy technicians, but its implementation in the field is mostly done by the pharmacy technicians under the responsibility of the pharmacist Clinical pharmacy services running on prescription services, drug information services and partly on the counseling Home pharmacy care, monitoring drug therapy and monitoring of drug side effects and clinical documentation has not been done Based on interviews unknown, factors supporting the implementation of the standard is support pharmacy technicians personnel, support of owner pharmacy, the presence of a pharmacist with a regular schedule of practices, the use of information systems technology and motivation of pharmacist Whereas the barriers factor are factors in patients where there is doubt the patient to the pharmacist and staff, the limited presence of the pharmacist, the shortage of skills,and there is no space of counseling services and the limited number of pharmaceutical human resources

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jmpf/article/download/30284/pdf

Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care Standard in Jambi City's Pharmacies

OBJECTIVE: study objective is to evaluate the pharmacists’ perception towards the importance of pharmaceutical care in respective practice site and also self-evaluation to determine the competence in managing clinical practices. METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire was designed to explore the pharmacist’s understanding, knowledge, and their perceptions on the philosophy of pharmaceutical care and barriers to its provision, and also the current pharmacy practice. The cross-sectional study was conducted, which involved exploring and collecting data from community and hospital pharmacists in the West and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), employing the selfadministered mailed questionnaire approach. Pharmacists recruited by systematic random sampling technique. The data was analyzed using the SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software program for windows® Version (12.0), and Microsoft Office Excel 2003. RESULTS: Of the 927 questionnaires mailed to the hospital and community pharmacists, 269 were returned back. In terms of the responses from both the hospital and community pharmacists; provide a response rate of 45.8% and 18.5%, respectively. The medians age of the hospital and community pharmacy respondents were found to be 29 and 36 years old, respectively (mean 31.8 ± 7.03 and 36.8 ± 8.78 respectively). It was observed that most of the respondents from the both the hospital and community pharmacy settings tend to be in the younger age group (24-35 years) (77%) and (48.2%) respectively, (P< 0.001, Chi-square). 2-Proportions Sample test showed highly a significant value of p < 0.05 for these variables when tested to estimate the differences in proportions (EDP). The overall of the community pharmacy respondents for this category of activities were (81%) and this was significantly higher (p < 0.05; Chi-Square, 2-sided) than these stated by the hospital pharmacy respondents (60%). CONCLUSION: Hospital pharmacy respondents showed higher perceptions of the importance and competence to the most of the current pharmacy practice activities compared to their counterparts in community pharmacy settings. Whereas less than 50% of community pharmacy respondents indicated that they were competent to practice the dispensing activities and agreed about its importance .

http://www.technicaljournalsonline.com/ijpsr/VOL%20I/IJPSR%20VOL%20I%20ISSUE%20II%20OCTOBER-DECEMBER%202010/Article%201%20IJPSR%20VOL%20I%20ISSUE%20II.pdf

Ghada Abdel

Papers

Pharmacist perception to importance and self-competence in pharmacy practice.