Author
Giovana Longo-Silva
Other affiliations: University of Barcelona, University of Porto, Federal University of São Paulo
Bio: Giovana Longo-Silva is an academic researcher from Federal University of Alagoas. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Overweight. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 43 publications receiving 389 citations. Previous affiliations of Giovana Longo-Silva include University of Barcelona & University of Porto.
Topics: Population, Overweight, Demography, Breastfeeding, Day care
Papers
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TL;DR: The results show that educational and preventive actions should be proposed to build healthy eating habits from childhood, taking into consideration the cultural, behavioral and emotional factors associated with diet.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study described and discussed the introduction of processed foods to the diets of children attending the nurseries of daycare centers, considering the recommendation of the Ministry of Health for a healthy diet. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 270 children attending nurseries of eight public and not-for-profit daycare centers in Sao Paulo city. A pre-coded and structured 11-question questionnaire was used to evaluate the introduction of processed foods. For each type of food analyzed, the corresponding age in months was recorded as well as assessed as to whether it was in agreement with the 8th step of the Dietary Guide. The chi-square test was used for determining the associations. The studied variables were mother's age, education level and working status and family income. RESULTS: The results showed that approximately 2/3 of the studied children under 12 months of age were offered foods with obesogenic potential, such as instant noodles, snacks, sandwich cookies, powdered juice, soft drinks and candy/lollipop/chocolate bars. Children born to younger mothers, with low education level and lower income are most vulnerable to the feeding error of introducing processed foods prematurely. CONCLUSION: These results show that educational and preventive actions should be proposed to build healthy eating habits from childhood. Efficient and in-depth campaigns aiming at promoting the consumption of fruits and vegetables are also needed, taking into consideration the cultural, behavioral and emotional factors associated with diet.
68 citations
TL;DR: From 2004 to 2013, the prevalence of Brazilian households with moderate and severe food insecurity dropped by half, but from the perspective of equity the advances occurred unequally and were lower in strata with greater social, economic, and demographic vulnerability.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze trends and factors associated with food insecurity in Brazil in 2004, 2009, and 2013, using microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Independent variables were selected from a conceptual model of determination of food insecurity, which was also used in the elaboration of multiple generalized linear models. The results show a downward trend in food insecurity prevalence from 2004 to 2013, especially for moderate and severe food insecurity, from 17% in 2004 (95%CI: 15.7-18.4) to 7.9% in 2013 (95%CI: 7.2-8.7). Despite important decreases in the prevalence of moderate and severe food insecurity, regardless of the level of determination, the population strata with the lowest prevalence in 2004 showed the largest relative reduction. As for factors associated with moderate and severe food insecurity, they remained the same in the ten years covered by the PNAD survey, namely: the North and Northeast regions, urban areas with inadequate sanitation, household density > 2 persons per bedroom, ≤ 4 household durable consumer goods, and households headed by females, individuals < 60 years, and non-whites, ≤ 4 years of schooling, and being unemployed. From 2004 to 2013, the prevalence of Brazilian households with moderate and severe food insecurity dropped by half, but from the perspective of equity the advances occurred unequally and were lower in strata with greater social, economic, and demographic vulnerability.
47 citations
TL;DR: Entre 2004-2013, a prevalencia de domicilios brasileiros em situacao de inseguranca alimentar moderada e grave caiu pela metade; contudo, dentro da perspectiva da equidade, destaca-se that os avancos ocorreram de modo desigual, sendo menores nos estratos de maior vulnerabilidade social, economica e demografica.
Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendencia e fatores associados a inseguranca alimentar no Brasil nos anos de 2004, 2009 e 2013, utilizando microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD). A inseguranca alimentar foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Inseguranca Alimentar. As variaveis independentes foram selecionadas a partir de modelo conceitual de determinacao da inseguranca alimentar, sendo esse tambem utilizado para a elaboracao dos modelos lineares generalizados multiplos. Os resultados descrevem tendencia de reducao na prevalencia de inseguranca alimentar entre 2004-2013, especialmente, quanto a inseguranca alimentar moderada e grave que passou de 17% (IC95%: 15,7-18,4) em 2004 para 7,9% (IC95%: 7,2-8,7) em 2013. Por outro lado, apesar das importantes reducoes na prevalencia de inseguranca alimentar moderada e grave, observou-se que, independentemente do nivel de determinacao, os estratos populacionais com menor prevalencia em 2004 apresentaram reducao relativa de maior magnitude. Quanto aos fatores associados a inseguranca alimentar moderada e grave, permaneceram os mesmos nos dez anos cobertos pela PNAD, sendo eles: as macrorregioes Norte/Nordeste, area urbana (na presenca de saneamento inadequado), densidade domiciliar > 2 pessoas/dormitorio, possuir ≤ 4 bens de consumo e a pessoa de referencia do domicilio ser do sexo feminino, ter idade < 60 anos, a raca/etnia ser diferente de branca, ter escolaridade ≤ 4 anos e estar desempregada. Entre 2004-2013, a prevalencia de domicilios brasileiros em situacao de inseguranca alimentar moderada e grave caiu pela metade; contudo, dentro da perspectiva da equidade, destaca-se que os avancos ocorreram de modo desigual, sendo menores nos estratos de maior vulnerabilidade social, economica e demografica.
39 citations
TL;DR: MS high prevalence in Brazilian population was identified; on the other hand, factors associated with this condition were different depending on sex.
Abstract: Background: In Brazil, population-based researches analyzing prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), a recognized predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and an important cause of disability and death in the country are scarce. Objective: To evaluate prevalence of MS and its associated factors in Brazilian population. Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2013 National Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey with national representativeness of Brazilian adult population (n = 59,402). MS was the outcome variable, defined from harmonization of cardiology international consensus as load ≥ 3 of the following components: self-reported diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure and high waist circumference. Analysis were stratified by sex and prevalence ratios, with their respective 99% confidence intervals (PR [CI 99%]) calculated by simple and multiple Poisson regression models. Results: MS prevalence was 8.9%, being significantly higher among women compared to men; in general, this pattern was maintained in relation to exposure variables studied. Additionally, less than 25% of population did not present any MS component. In final multiple models, sociodemographic, behavioral and comorbidity variables were associated with MS, however, while low schooling (1.46 [1.23-1.74], cerebrovascular accident (1.36 [1], 00] (1.28 [1.03-1.62]) were associated among women, chronic renal failure (1.85 [2.23-2.76]) was associated exclusively among men. Conclusion: We identified MS high prevalence in Brazilian population; on the other hand, factors associated with this condition were different depending on sex.
27 citations
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01 Jun 2009
TL;DR: The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as mentioned in this paper was originally created to provide relief for children in countries devastated by the destruction of World War II, and in 1965, it was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for its humanitarian efforts.
Abstract: The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF, was originally created to provide relief for children in countries devastated by the destruction of World War II. After 1950, UNICEF turned to focus on general programs for the improvement of children's welfare worldwide, and in 1965, it was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for its humanitarian efforts. The organization concentrates on areas in which relatively small expenditures can have a significant impact on the lives of the most disadvantaged children in developing countries, such as the prevention and treatment of disease, child healthcare, malnutrition, illiteracy, and other welfare services.
1,156 citations
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01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: A computer program is a series of coded instructions for the computer to obey and represent a method of processing data that is read and translated into electronic pulses needed to make the computer work.
Abstract: A computer program is a series of coded instructions for the computer to obey and represent a method of processing data. Programs can't be written in English. They must first be written using a special language called a programming language. A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE (e.g. BASIC, PASCAL, and C+) consists of a set of codes and rules which can be used to construct commands for the computer. These commands are read and translated into electronic pulses needed to make the computer work. Programs are written by programmers. A computer language is a set of instructions used for writing computer programs. There are THREE (3) levels of languages: 1. MACHINE LANGUAGE – this was the first language available for programming. It varies from one computer to another, but the basic principles are the same. MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS are written using a series of 0's and 1's i.e. using a BINARY SYSTEM. All programs written today must be translated into machine language before they can be executed (used) by the computer. EXAMPLE: 110110001 2. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE / LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE – these were developed to replace the 0's and 1's of machine language with symbols that are easier to understand and remember. Like with machine language, Assembly language varies form one make of computer to another so that a program written in one assembly language will not run on another make of computer. EXAMPLE: LDA 300 ADD 400 STA 500 3. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE – these differ from low level languages in that they require less coding detail and make programs easier to write. High level languages are designed for the solution of problems in one ore more areas of the application and are commonly described as application-oriented or problem-oriented languages. High level languages are not machine dependant. Programs written in a high level language must be translated to a form which can be accepted by that computer, i.e.
489 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that commonly used industrial food additives abrogate human epithelial barrier function, thus, increasing intestinal permeability through the opened tight junction, resulting in entry of foreign immunogenic antigens and activation of the autoimmune cascade.
347 citations
09 Jan 2015
TL;DR: A measure of pregnancy intentions that incorporates the extent of mistiming, as well as the desire scale developed by Santelli et al. (2009), finds that weighting eliminated statistical significance of many observed associations of intention status with maternal behaviors and birth outcomes, but not all.
Abstract: This study examines the associations between U.S. mothers’ pregnancy intentions, their pregnancy-related health behaviors and their infants’ health at birth.
175 citations
TL;DR: In this article, analizar the asociación of sobrepeso and obesidad with amamantamiento materno and the alimentación complementaria in preescolares was performed.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociacion del sobrepeso y de la obesidad con el amamantamiento materno y la alimentacion complementaria en preescolares. METODOS: Estudio transversal envolviendo 566 ninos matriculados en escuelas privadas en el municipio de Sao Paulo (Sureste de Brasil), 2004-2005. La variable dependiente fue sobrepeso y obesidad. Para la clasificacion del estado nutricional de los ninos fueron utilizadas las curvas de percentiles del indice de masa corporal para edad, clasificando como sobrepeso valores ?P85 y
73 citations