Gisela Grupe

TL;DR: It is shown that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the Y pestis lineages that caused the Plague of Justinian and the Black Death 800 years later were independent emergences from rodents into human beings.

TL;DR: In this article, 69 skeletons from southern Bavaria were analyzed for the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in tooth enamel and compact bone, which indicated that 17.5-25% of these individuals changed residence during their lifetime.

TL;DR: In this article, Strontium isotope ratios were measured in bone and tooth enamel to determine if these individuals had changed geological residence during their lifetimes, and the analysis of 81 Bell Beaker individuals indicated that 51 had moved during their lifetime.

TL;DR: The first genotype of a Y. pestis strain that caused the Late Antique plague provides important information about the history of the plague bacillus and suggests that the first pandemic also originated in Asia, similar to the other two plague pandemics.