Showing papers by "Giuseppe Mancia published in 1984"
TL;DR: Baroreceptor control of blood pressure as derived from neck chamber studies in normal people is described and its modifications by exercise and ageing, and its participation in a phenomenon such as spontaneous blood pressure variability is discussed.
Abstract: Information on arterial baroreceptor control of circulation is much more restricted in man than in animals, largely because of the limitations in the techniques available in humans for this type of study. However, recent utilization of the neck chamber technique that addresses the primary function of an arterial baroreflex, i.e. blood pressure control, has provided a significant amount of information. This paper describes baroreceptor control of blood pressure as derived from neck chamber studies in normal people and discusses its modifications by exercise and ageing, and its participation in a phenomenon such as spontaneous blood pressure variability. The description given here is focused on aspects of this baroreceptor control that have changed the concept of the overall arterial baroreceptor function developed by means of techniques for studying only baroreceptor influences on heart rate.
35 citations
TL;DR: Reduction in heart rate variability after nadolol suggests less chance of tachycardia episodes in patients with angina and/or arrhythmias receiving ndolol, and suggests that nadodolol lowers blood pressure without interfering with the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular homeostasis.
20 citations
TL;DR: It is interesting to speculate that increased afferent inhibition from "volume" receptors in the cardiopulmonary area may represent a homeostatic attempt to buffer an early increase in sympathetic activity to the kidney.
Abstract: Changes in arterial baroreflex control of the circulation occur in experimental and in human hypertension. Hypertension can affect the afferent, the central, and the efferent portions of the baroreflex. Structural cardiovascular adaptation due to stiffening of the vascular wall is usually thought to influence the afferent component of the baroreflex, but it can also influence the effector component. Resetting of central mechanisms of the baroreflex also occurs. Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes appear to be enhanced in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in borderline hypertensive patients, probably because of reduced venous compliance that shifts blood to the cardiovascular compartments (atrium, ventricle) where the receptors are located. Progression of cardiac hypertrophy is likely to reverse this enhanced reflex activity. In hypertension the carotid sinus reflex appears to be readjusted in such a way as to protect against a further rise in blood pressure, rather than providing protection, as in normotension, against a fall in blood pressure. Thus the homeostatic functions of the reflex are maintained and readjusted to the needs of the hypertensive circulation. It is interesting to speculate that increased afferent inhibition from "volume" receptors in the cardiopulmonary area may represent a homeostatic attempt to buffer an early increase in sympathetic activity to the kidney.
10 citations
4 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: A major hypothesis that is advanced upon the origin of essential hypertension is that this condition is initiated by an overactivity of the sympathetic noradrenergic nerves and an under activity of the vagal nerves generated by emotional behaviors definiable as “stress”.
Abstract: A major hypothesis that is advanced upon the origin of essential hypertension is that this condition is initiated by an overactivity of the sympathetic noradrenergic nerves(and an underactivity of the vagal nerves) generated by emotional behaviors definiable as “stress”.Although the difficulties of categorizing and quantifying the differentiated forms of “stress” and emotion to which mankind is exposed have made this hypothesis hard to be tested in clinical studies, important progress has been made in this direction by thoughful use of animal reseArch.
2 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: This work has shown that the autonomic nervous system represents a mechanism of primary importance in the regulation of circulation and that essential hypertension might depend on a derangement in neural cardiovascular control.
Abstract: Since the discovery that the autonomic nervous system represents a mechanism of primary importance in the regulation of circulation the idea that essential hypertension might depend on a derangement in neural cardiovascular control has been a leading one in the investigation related to this pathological condition.
2 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The Oxford method is too well known to necessitate a detailed description, but it is said that its design effectively minimizes the incovenience and risk inherent to the invasiveness of the procedure, and that its technical features usually allow a blood pressure signal of adequate quality to be recorded.
Abstract: Towards the end of the sixties Pickering and his Oxford group (1,2) deviced a method that allowed blood pressure to be measured intra-arterially in ambulant subjects with limited interference with their ambulation and to some extent with their life-patter. Beside being repeatedly referred to in this workshop, the Oxford method is too well known to necessitate a detailed description. Suffice it to say that its design effectively minimizes the incovenience and risk inherent to the invasiveness of the procedure, and that its technical features usually allow a blood pressure signal of adequate quality to be recorded (3). By means of some precautions the recording can be carried out under condition of stable 0 signal and equal sensitivity throughout the range of existing blood pressures.
1 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Arterial baroreflexes have been extensively studied in experimental animals and a large body of information has been collected, showing that baroreceptors in both the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch exert an important circulatory control.
Abstract: Arterial baroreflexes have been extensively studied in experimental animals and a large body of information has been collected. It has been shown that 1. baroreceptors in both the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch exert an important circulatory control; 2. this control is partly different for these two reflexogenic areas and is not exerted uniformly on the various cardiovascular effectors; 3. it is deranged, sometimes to a marked degree, in a number of pathological conditions [13].