Author
Giuseppe Mancia
Other affiliations: University of Milan, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centra
Bio: Giuseppe Mancia is an academic researcher from University of Milano-Bicocca. The author has contributed to research in topics: Blood pressure & Ambulatory blood pressure. The author has an hindex of 145, co-authored 1369 publications receiving 139692 citations. Previous affiliations of Giuseppe Mancia include University of Milan & Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Although in some instances SA of cardiovascular signals may fail to fully reflect the features of autonomic cardiovascular control, the evidence discussed clearly demonstrates that this approach represents a promising tool for a dynamic assessment of the early impairment of neural circulatory control in autonomic failure.
Abstract: Spectral analysis (SA) of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) fluctuations has been proposed as a unique approach to obtain a deeper insight into cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in health and disease. A number of studies performed over the last 15 years have shown that autonomic influences are involved in the modulation of fast BP and HR fluctuations (with a period <1 min), particularly at frequencies between 0.2 and 0.4 Hz [high frequency (HF) region or respiratory frequency] and around 0.1 Hz [mid frequency (MF) region]. In patients with secondary or primary autonomic dysfunction, SA of BP and HR signals recorded at rest or during orthostatic challenge in a laboratory environment have shown the occurrence of a reduction in the power of MF and/or HF, BP and HR components. Such a reduction is associated or may even precede the clinical manifestation of autonomic neuropathy. However, the above results collected in standardized laboratory conditions cannot reflect the features of neural cardiovascular control during daily life in ambulant individuals with autonomic failure. To investigate this issue, SA techniques have been applied to 24 h beat-to-beat intra-arterial and non-invasive finger BP recordings obtained in elderly subjects and in pure autonomic failure patients, respectively. In these conditions, HR powers displayed a reduction over a wide range of frequencies (from 0.5 to below 0.01 Hz). Conversely, BP powers underwent a complex rearrangement characterized by a reduction in the power around 0.1 Hz and by an increase in the powers at the respiratory frequency and at frequencies below 0.01 Hz. Dynamic quantification of the sensitivity of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex by combined analysis of systolic BP and pulse interval (i.e. the interval between consecutive systolic peaks) powers around 0.1 Hz (alpha technique) has shown that in elderly subjects, and even more so in pure autonomic failure patients, baroreflex sensitivity is markedly reduced over the 24 h, and is no longer characterized by its physiological day-night modulation. In conclusion, although in some instances SA of cardiovascular signals may fail to fully reflect the features of autonomic cardiovascular control, the evidence discussed clearly demonstrates that this approach represents a promising tool for a dynamic assessment of the early impairment of neural circulatory control in autonomic failure. This is particularly the case when these analyses are performed on 24 h continuous BP and HR recordings in ambulant subjects.
70 citations
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TL;DR: In daily life, hypertensive subjects are characterized by steeper blood pressure changes than normotensives, and this, regardless of the mechanisms, may have clinical implications, because it may be associated with greater traumatic effect on the vessel walls of hypertensive patients.
Abstract: Target organ damage in hypertensive patients is related to their increased average blood pressure and greater 24-hour blood pressure variability. Whether the rate of blood pressure changes is also greater in hypertension, producing a greater stress on arterial walls, is not known, however. Our study aimed at addressing this issue by computer analysis of 24-hour ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure recordings in 34 subjects (29 males), 13 normotensive subjects and 21 uncomplicated hypertensive subjects (mean age+/-SD, 40.4+/-11.8 years). The number, slope (mm Hg/s), and length (beats) of systolic blood pressure ramps of 3 or more consecutive beats characterized by a progressive increase (+) or reduction (-) in systolic blood pressure of at least 1 mm Hg per beat were computed for each hour and for the whole 24-hour period. Twenty-four-hour average systolic blood pressure was 112.9+/-2.1 and 159.4+/-5.7 mm Hg in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, respectively. Over the 24 hours, the number and length of systolic blood pressure ramps were similar in both groups, whereas the slope was markedly different (24-hour mean+/-SE slope, 4.80+/-0.30 in normotensives and 6.50+/-0.40 mm Hg/s in hypertensives, P<0.05). Ramp slope was not influenced by age or reflex pulse interval changes, but it was greater for higher ramp initial systolic blood pressure values. Thus, in daily life, hypertensive subjects are characterized by steeper blood pressure changes than normotensives, and this, regardless of the mechanisms, may have clinical implications, because it may be associated with greater traumatic effect on the vessel walls of hypertensive patients.
70 citations
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TL;DR: The treatment benefits of a routine administration of a fixed combination of perindopril-indapamide to patients with type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and death, are consistent across all stages of CKD at baseline.
Abstract: Aims Individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. In these analyses of the ADVANCE trial, we assessed the effects of a fixed combination of perindopril–indapamide on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes according to baseline CKD stage.
Methods and results Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to perindopril–indapamide (4 mg/1.25 mg) or placebo. Treatment effects on cardiovascular (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and renal outcomes were compared in subgroups defined by baseline Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative CKD stage. Homogeneity in treatment effect was tested by adding interaction terms to the relevant Cox models. The study included 10 640 participants with known CKD status, of whom 6125 did not have CKD, 2482 were classified as CKD stage 1 or 2, and 2033 as CKD stage ≥3. The relative treatment effects on major cardiovascular events were similar across all stages of CKD, with no heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effects for any outcome. In contrast, the absolute treatment effects approximately doubled in those with CKD stage ≥3 when compared to those with no CKD. For every 1000 patients with CKD stage ≥3 treated for 5 years, active treatment prevented 12 cardiovascular events when compared with six events per 1000 patients with no CKD.
Conclusion The treatment benefits of a routine administration of a fixed combination of perindopril–indapamide to patients with type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and death, are consistent across all stages of CKD at baseline. Absolute risk reductions are larger in patients with CKD highlighting the importance of blood pressure-lowering in this population.
70 citations
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TL;DR: Hypertension and CVD, after the adjustment for other clinical and demographic parameters, primarily age, did not remain independent predictors of the lethal outcome in COVID-19 patients.
70 citations
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TL;DR: Obesity and overweight are characterized by sympathetic overactivity which mirrors the severity of the clinical condition and reflects metabolic alterations, with the exclusion of glucose/insulin profile.
Abstract: Nerve traffic recordings (muscle sympathetic nerve traffic [MSNA]) have shown that sympathetic activation may occur in obesity. However, the small sample size of the available studies, presence of comorbidities, heterogeneity of the subjects examined represented major weaknesses not allowing to draw definite conclusions. This is the case for the overweight state. The present meta-analysis evaluated 1438 obese or overweight subjects recruited in 45 microneurographic studies. The analysis was primarily based on MSNA quantification in obesity and overweight, excluding as concomitant conditions hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and other comorbidities. Assessment was extended to the relationships of MSNA with other neuroadrenergic markers, such as plasma norepinephrine and heart rate, anthropometric variables, as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, presence/absence of obstructive sleep apnea, and metabolic profile. Compared with normoweights MSNA was significantly greater in overweight and more in obese individuals (37.0±4.1 versus 43.2±3.5 and 50.4±5.0 burts/100 heartbeats, P<0.01). This was the case even in the absence of obstructive sleep apnea. MSNA was significantly directly related to body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio ( r=0.41 and r=0.64, P<0.04 and <0.01, respectively), clinic blood pressure ( r=0.68, P<0.01), total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and triglycerides ( r=0.91, r=0.94, and r=0.80, respectively, P<0.01) but unrelated to plasma insulin, glucose, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. No significant correlation was found between MSNA, heart rate, and norepinephrine. Thus, obesity and overweight are characterized by sympathetic overactivity which mirrors the severity of the clinical condition and reflects metabolic alterations, with the exclusion of glucose/insulin profile. Neither heart rate nor norepinephrine appear to represent faithful markers of the muscle sympathetic overdrive.
70 citations
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28,685 citations
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23 Sep 2019TL;DR: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is the official document that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions.
Abstract: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is the official document that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions.
21,235 citations
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TL;DR: In those older than age 50, systolic blood pressure of greater than 140 mm Hg is a more important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor than diastolic BP, and hypertension will be controlled only if patients are motivated to stay on their treatment plan.
Abstract: The National High Blood Pressure Education Program presents the complete Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Like its predecessors, the purpose is to provide an evidence-based approach to the prevention and management of hypertension. The key messages of this report are these: in those older than age 50, systolic blood pressure (BP) of greater than 140 mm Hg is a more important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor than diastolic BP; beginning at 115/75 mm Hg, CVD risk doubles for each increment of 20/10 mm Hg; those who are normotensive at 55 years of age will have a 90% lifetime risk of developing hypertension; prehypertensive individuals (systolic BP 120-139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg) require health-promoting lifestyle modifications to prevent the progressive rise in blood pressure and CVD; for uncomplicated hypertension, thiazide diuretic should be used in drug treatment for most, either alone or combined with drugs from other classes; this report delineates specific high-risk conditions that are compelling indications for the use of other antihypertensive drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers); two or more antihypertensive medications will be required to achieve goal BP (<140/90 mm Hg, or <130/80 mm Hg) for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease; for patients whose BP is more than 20 mm Hg above the systolic BP goal or more than 10 mm Hg above the diastolic BP goal, initiation of therapy using two agents, one of which usually will be a thiazide diuretic, should be considered; regardless of therapy or care, hypertension will be controlled only if patients are motivated to stay on their treatment plan. Positive experiences, trust in the clinician, and empathy improve patient motivation and satisfaction. This report serves as a guide, and the committee continues to recognize that the responsible physician's judgment remains paramount.
14,975 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a randomized controlled trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly people was presented. But the authors did not discuss the effect of the combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension.
Abstract: ABCD
: Appropriate Blood pressure Control in Diabetes
ABI
: ankle–brachial index
ABPM
: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
ACCESS
: Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survival
ACCOMPLISH
: Avoiding Cardiovascular Events in Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension
ACCORD
: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACTIVE I
: Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events
ADVANCE
: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation
AHEAD
: Action for HEAlth in Diabetes
ALLHAT
: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart ATtack
ALTITUDE
: ALiskiren Trial In Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-renal Endpoints
ANTIPAF
: ANgioTensin II Antagonist In Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
APOLLO
: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly People
ARB
: angiotensin receptor blocker
ARIC
: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities
ARR
: aldosterone renin ratio
ASCOT
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
ASCOT-LLA
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm
ASTRAL
: Angioplasty and STenting for Renal Artery Lesions
A-V
: atrioventricular
BB
: beta-blocker
BMI
: body mass index
BP
: blood pressure
BSA
: body surface area
CA
: calcium antagonist
CABG
: coronary artery bypass graft
CAPPP
: CAPtopril Prevention Project
CAPRAF
: CAndesartan in the Prevention of Relapsing Atrial Fibrillation
CHD
: coronary heart disease
CHHIPS
: Controlling Hypertension and Hypertension Immediately Post-Stroke
CKD
: chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI
: Chronic Kidney Disease—EPIdemiology collaboration
CONVINCE
: Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of CV Endpoints
CT
: computed tomography
CV
: cardiovascular
CVD
: cardiovascular disease
D
: diuretic
DASH
: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DBP
: diastolic blood pressure
DCCT
: Diabetes Control and Complications Study
DIRECT
: DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials
DM
: diabetes mellitus
DPP-4
: dipeptidyl peptidase 4
EAS
: European Atherosclerosis Society
EASD
: European Association for the Study of Diabetes
ECG
: electrocardiogram
EF
: ejection fraction
eGFR
: estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELSA
: European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis
ESC
: European Society of Cardiology
ESH
: European Society of Hypertension
ESRD
: end-stage renal disease
EXPLOR
: Amlodipine–Valsartan Combination Decreases Central Systolic Blood Pressure more Effectively than the Amlodipine–Atenolol Combination
FDA
: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FEVER
: Felodipine EVent Reduction study
GISSI-AF
: Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico-Atrial Fibrillation
HbA1c
: glycated haemoglobin
HBPM
: home blood pressure monitoring
HOPE
: Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation
HOT
: Hypertension Optimal Treatment
HRT
: hormone replacement therapy
HT
: hypertension
HYVET
: HYpertension in the Very Elderly Trial
IMT
: intima-media thickness
I-PRESERVE
: Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function
INTERHEART
: Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries
INVEST
: INternational VErapamil SR/T Trandolapril
ISH
: Isolated systolic hypertension
JNC
: Joint National Committee
JUPITER
: Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
LAVi
: left atrial volume index
LIFE
: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertensives
LV
: left ventricle/left ventricular
LVH
: left ventricular hypertrophy
LVM
: left ventricular mass
MDRD
: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MRFIT
: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
MRI
: magnetic resonance imaging
NORDIL
: The Nordic Diltiazem Intervention study
OC
: oral contraceptive
OD
: organ damage
ONTARGET
: ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial
PAD
: peripheral artery disease
PATHS
: Prevention And Treatment of Hypertension Study
PCI
: percutaneous coronary intervention
PPAR
: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PREVEND
: Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease
PROFESS
: Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes
PROGRESS
: Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study
PWV
: pulse wave velocity
QALY
: Quality adjusted life years
RAA
: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
RAS
: renin-angiotensin system
RCT
: randomized controlled trials
RF
: risk factor
ROADMAP
: Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes MicroAlbuminuria Prevention
SBP
: systolic blood pressure
SCAST
: Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Candesartan for Treatment of Acute STroke
SCOPE
: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly
SCORE
: Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation
SHEP
: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
STOP
: Swedish Trials in Old Patients with Hypertension
STOP-2
: The second Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension
SYSTCHINA
: SYSTolic Hypertension in the Elderly: Chinese trial
SYSTEUR
: SYSTolic Hypertension in Europe
TIA
: transient ischaemic attack
TOHP
: Trials Of Hypertension Prevention
TRANSCEND
: Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease
UKPDS
: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
VADT
: Veterans' Affairs Diabetes Trial
VALUE
: Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation
WHO
: World Health Organization
### 1.1 Principles
The 2013 guidelines on hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology …
14,173 citations
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TL;DR: Authors/Task Force Members: Piotr Ponikowski* (Chairperson) (Poland), Adriaan A. Voors* (Co-Chair person) (The Netherlands), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Héctor Bueno (Spain), John G. F. Cleland (UK), Andrew J. S. Coats (UK)
13,400 citations