Author
Glenn Marie Lange
Bio: Glenn Marie Lange is an academic researcher from World Bank. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ecosystem services & Ecosystem. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 6 publications receiving 351 citations.
Papers
More filters
University of California, Santa Barbara1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, The Nature Conservancy3, University of Cantabria4, Delft University of Technology5, University of Southampton6, University of California, Davis7, Wildlife Conservation Society8, World Bank9, Engineer Research and Development Center10
TL;DR: The comparison of costs of nature-based defence projects and engineering structures show that salt-marshes and mangroves can be two to five times cheaper than a submerged breakwater for wave heights up to half a metre and, within their limits, become more cost effective at greater depths.
Abstract: There is great interest in the restoration and conservation of coastal habitats for protection from flooding and erosion. This is evidenced by the growing number of analyses and reviews of the effectiveness of habitats as natural defences and increasing funding world-wide for nature-based defences-i.e. restoration projects aimed at coastal protection; yet, there is no synthetic information on what kinds of projects are effective and cost effective for this purpose. This paper addresses two issues critical for designing restoration projects for coastal protection: (i) a synthesis of the costs and benefits of projects designed for coastal protection (nature-based defences) and (ii) analyses of the effectiveness of coastal habitats (natural defences) in reducing wave heights and the biophysical parameters that influence this effectiveness. We (i) analyse data from sixty-nine field measurements in coastal habitats globally and examine measures of effectiveness of mangroves, salt-marshes, coral reefs and seagrass/kelp beds for wave height reduction; (ii) synthesise the costs and coastal protection benefits of fifty-two nature-based defence projects and; (iii) estimate the benefits of each restoration project by combining information on restoration costs with data from nearby field measurements. The analyses of field measurements show that coastal habitats have significant potential for reducing wave heights that varies by habitat and site. In general, coral reefs and salt-marshes have the highest overall potential. Habitat effectiveness is influenced by: a) the ratios of wave height-to-water depth and habitat width-to-wavelength in coral reefs; and b) the ratio of vegetation height-to-water depth in salt-marshes. The comparison of costs of nature-based defence projects and engineering structures show that salt-marshes and mangroves can be two to five times cheaper than a submerged breakwater for wave heights up to half a metre and, within their limits, become more cost effective at greater depths. Nature-based defence projects also report benefits ranging from reductions in storm damage to reductions in coastal structure costs.
392 citations
University of British Columbia1, Asian Development Bank2, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development3, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul4, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration5, Padjadjaran University6, University of Wollongong7, Swedish Academy8, Environmental Defense Fund9, World Bank10, Oceana11, London School of Economics and Political Science12, University of Southern Denmark13, University of Tokyo14, Duke University15
TL;DR: The current finance gap is large; this work identifies key barriers to financing a sustainable ocean economy and suggests how to mitigate them, to incentivize the kind of public and private investments needed for topnotch science and management in support of austainable ocean economy.
Abstract: The ocean, which regulates climate and supports vital ecosystem services, is crucial to our Earth system and livelihoods. Yet, it is threatened by anthropogenic pressures and climate change. A healthy ocean that supports a sustainable ocean economy requires adequate financing vehicles that generate, invest, align, and account for financial capital to achieve sustained ocean health and governance. However, the current finance gap is large; we identify key barriers to financing a sustainable ocean economy and suggest how to mitigate them, to incentivize the kind of public and private investments needed for topnotch science and management in support of a sustainable ocean economy.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the EU's fishing agreement with Madagascar, among the poorest countries to hold such an agreement, and found that the EU agreements with Madagascar are in direct contradiction to the goals set forth by the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), which states that benefits of agreements should be directed towards developing countries, and not towards private EU entities.
46 citations
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to estimate the value of ecosystems services based on the World Bank's Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) Partnership, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.
Abstract: 1Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA; 2Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) Partnership, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; 3Ernst and Young and Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington, DC, USA; 4World Wide Fund for Nature International, Kigali, Rwanda; 5Wildlife Conservation Society, Kigali, Rwanda; 6CIAT-CGIAR Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security, Kigali, Rwanda; 7Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), Kigali, Rwanda; 8International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bukavu, Congo; 9State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; 10Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Life and Earth Science, Pan-African University, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 11Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; 12Green Economy Advisory & Research, Kigali, Rwanda and 13Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Kigali, Rwanda
23 citations
United States Geological Survey1, Ernst & Young2, National Academies3, National Council for Science and the Environment4, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration5, University of Minnesota6, World Bank7, United States Department of State8, United States Department of the Interior9, University of Hawaii10, Silver Spring Networks11, Statistics Canada12, Australian National University13, University of Vermont14, Bureau of Economic Analysis15
TL;DR: In this article, natural capital accounts (NCA) and ecosystem goods and service (EGSA) accounts are proposed to better understand the past, peer into the future, innovate, conserve and plan for environmental shocks.
Abstract: The nation's economic accounts provide objective, regular, and standardized information routinely relied on by public and private decision-makers. But they are incomplete. The United States and many other nations currently do not account for the natural capital—such as the wildlife, forests, grasslands, soils, and water bodies—on which all other economic activity rests. By creating formal natural capital accounts (NCA) and ecosystem goods and service (EGSA) accounts, governments and businesses could better understand the past, peer into the future, innovate, conserve, and plan for environmental shocks. They would standardize, regularly repeat, and aggregate diverse natural resource, environmental, and social and economic data and could thereby play a significant role in advancing the science of coupled biophysical and social systems.
16 citations
Cited by
More filters
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of women's sportswriters in South Africa and Ivory Coast, including: Marco Bindi (Italy), Sally Brown (UK), Ines Camilloni (Argentina), Arona Diedhiou (Ivory Coast/Senegal), Riyanti Djalante (Japan/Indonesia), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Francois Engelbrecht (South Africa), Joel Guiot (France), Yasuaki Hijioka (Japan), Shagun Mehrotra (USA/India), Ant
Abstract: Lead Authors: Marco Bindi (Italy), Sally Brown (UK), Ines Camilloni (Argentina), Arona Diedhiou (Ivory Coast/Senegal), Riyanti Djalante (Japan/Indonesia), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Francois Engelbrecht (South Africa), Joel Guiot (France), Yasuaki Hijioka (Japan), Shagun Mehrotra (USA/India), Antony Payne (UK), Sonia I. Seneviratne (Switzerland), Adelle Thomas (Bahamas), Rachel Warren (UK), Guangsheng Zhou (China)
614 citations
TL;DR: The authors show that the annual damages from flooding would double globally without reefs and they quantify where reefs provide the most protection to people and property.
Abstract: Coral reefs can provide significant coastal protection benefits to people and property. Here we show that the annual expected damages from flooding would double, and costs from frequent storms would triple without reefs. For 100-year storm events, flood damages would increase by 91% to $US 272 billion without reefs. The countries with the most to gain from reef management are Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Mexico, and Cuba; annual expected flood savings exceed $400 M for each of these nations. Sea-level rise will increase flood risk, but substantial impacts could happen from reef loss alone without better near-term management. We provide a global, process-based valuation of an ecosystem service across an entire marine biome at (sub)national levels. These spatially explicit benefits inform critical risk and environmental management decisions, and the expected benefits can be directly considered by governments (e.g., national accounts, recovery plans) and businesses (e.g., insurance). Coral reefs provide significant coastal protection from storms but they have experienced significant losses. Here the authors show that the annual damages from flooding would double globally without reefs and they quantify where reefs provide the most protection to people and property.
586 citations
TL;DR: The rise of NbS in climate policy is highlighted—focusing on their potential for climate change adaptation as well as mitigation—and barriers to their evidence-based implementation are discussed, highlighting avenues for further research.
Abstract: There is growing awareness that ‘nature-based solutions' (NbS) can help to protect us from climate change impacts while slowing further warming, supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem servi...
533 citations
Deakin University1, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology2, University of Western Australia3, University of Technology, Sydney4, James Hutton Institute5, Plymouth Marine Laboratory6, Griffith University7, National University of Singapore8, University of Wollongong9, Bangor University10, Edith Cowan University11, University of Queensland12, Utah State University13, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation14, University of Florida15, McGill University16, Southern Cross University17, Florida International University18, University of Plymouth19, University of Tsukuba20, University of Edinburgh21, Spanish National Research Council22, Aarhus University23, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources24, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science25, Autonomous University of Barcelona26, University of Virginia27, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center28, Center for International Forestry Research29, Bogor Agricultural University30, University of Hong Kong31, University of the Algarve32, Duke University33
TL;DR: The authors identify the top-ten unresolved questions in the field and find that most questions relate to the precise role blue carbon can play in mitigating climate change and the most effective management actions in maximising this.
Abstract: The term Blue Carbon (BC) was first coined a decade ago to describe the disproportionately large contribution of coastal vegetated ecosystems to global carbon sequestration. The role of BC in climate change mitigation and adaptation has now reached international prominence. To help prioritise future research, we assembled leading experts in the field to agree upon the top-ten pending questions in BC science. Understanding how climate change affects carbon accumulation in mature BC ecosystems and during their restoration was a high priority. Controversial questions included the role of carbonate and macroalgae in BC cycling, and the degree to which greenhouse gases are released following disturbance of BC ecosystems. Scientists seek improved precision of the extent of BC ecosystems; techniques to determine BC provenance; understanding of the factors that influence sequestration in BC ecosystems, with the corresponding value of BC; and the management actions that are effective in enhancing this value. Overall this overview provides a comprehensive road map for the coming decades on future research in BC science.
424 citations