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Gordon L. Fain
Researcher at University of California, Los Angeles
Publications - 158
Citations - 7936
Gordon L. Fain is an academic researcher from University of California, Los Angeles. The author has contributed to research in topics: Rhodopsin & Visual phototransduction. The author has an hindex of 49, co-authored 152 publications receiving 7372 citations. Previous affiliations of Gordon L. Fain include Harvard University & University of Southern California.
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Adaptation in Vertebrate Photoreceptors
TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that the second messenger responsible for the modulation of the transduction cascade during background adaptation is primarily, if not exclusively, Ca(2+), whose intracellular free concentration is decreased by illumination.
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Photoreceptor light adaptation is mediated by cytoplasmic calcium concentration.
TL;DR: It is shown that light-dependent changes in sensitivity in amphibian photoreceptors can be abolished by preventing movements of Ca2+ across the outer-segment plasma membrane, and that light adaptation in photoreceptor is mediated in cones primarily, and in rods perhaps exclusively, by changes in Cai2+.
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ATP Consumption by Mammalian Rod Photoreceptors in Darkness and in Light
TL;DR: A comprehensive assessment of ATP consumption for mammalian rods from voltages and currents and recently published physiological and biochemical data helps to explain why the vertebrate retina is duplex, and why some diurnal animals like primates have a small number of cones.
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Sensitivity of toad rods: Dependence on wave‐length and background illumination.
TL;DR: A comparison of the increment‐‐sensitivity curves of single receptors shows that rods are light‐adapted by backgrounds one thousand times dimmer than those which affect cones, so that single cones become more sensitive than single rods even before the rods begin to saturate.
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Phototransduction and the evolution of photoreceptors.
TL;DR: It is suggested that microvillar photoreceptors became predominant in most invertebrate species because of their single-photon sensitivity, high temporal resolution, and large dynamic range, and that rods and a duplex retina provided primitive chordates and vertebrates with similar sensitivity and dynamicrange, but with a smaller expenditure of ATP.