Gour Gopal Satpati

Bio: Gour Gopal Satpati is an academic researcher from University of Calcutta. The author has contributed to research in topics: Chlorococcum & Biodiesel production. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 20 publications receiving 200 citations.

Rapid detection of neutral lipid in green microalgae by flow cytometry in combination with Nile red staining—an improved technique

Abstract: A staining protocol for rapid in situ detection of neutral lipid using flow cytometry in combination with Nile red staining was optimized. Staining efficiency was tested in terms of fluorescence intensity (% grandparent) in varied concentrations of Nile red and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with variable incubation period, temperature and pH level. The improved method was tested using two microalgae: Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorococcum infusionum. Maximum staining efficiency was recorded with a concentration of 5 μg mL−1 Nile red and 40 % DMSO in a 15-min incubation at 40 °C for both taxa (pH 6.5). The forward (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) two-dimensional dot plot showed highly scattered cells containing neutral lipid. The coefficient of variation, standard deviation, mean and median values were determined for quantification of neutral lipid. We also applied this modified method to detect the elevated level of neutral lipid in nitrate (NaNO3)-depleted cells; the efficiency of this technique was justified indicating a prominent 3- to 4-fold increase in neutral lipid in treated cells. Confocal images of stained cells also revealed accumulation of high levels of neutral lipid in treated microalgal cells.

Biochemical composition and lipid characterization of marine green alga Ulva rigida- a nutritional approach

Abstract: Biochemical composition of the green alga Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) was investigated by determination of moisture, protein, carbohydrate, total lipid, phenol and chlorophyll content.The moisture content of the alga was 76% whereas total protein was 6.64%, and carbohydrate content was 22%. The total lipid and phenol content were 12% and 23% whereas chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were determined as 13%. 7.5% and 21% respectively. Carotenoid was present in considerable quantities (4.5%). The total free amino acid was found to be 8.9%. Fatty acid composition of total lipid was determined by gas chromatography. The major fatty acids in total lipid were 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3. It was found that major of the biochemical parameters of this alga were higher except the protein content.

Efficacy of EDTA and Phosphorous on Biomass Yield and Total Lipid Accumulation in Two Green Microalgae with Special Emphasis on Neutral Lipid Detection by Flow Cytometry

Abstract: Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorococcum infusionum , promising microalgae for biodiesel feedstock production, were treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and phosphorous to induce stress which was then followed by flow cytometry to study the enhanced intracellular neutral lipid content. Treatment resulted in up to a threefold increase in total lipid content of Chlorella (41.8±1.9% at 16 days of incubation period) and more than twofold increases in Chlorococcum (31.3±1.0%at 18 days of incubation period) under phosphorous starvation in the culture. It was observed that maximum biomass yields in Chlorella and Chlorococcum were 1.56±0.06 and 2.17±0.12 g/L at 1.5 g/L of phosphorous after 20 and 18 days of incubation periods, respectively. The qualitative analyses of neutral lipid bodies under stress conditions were performed by confocal microscopy and revealed bright golden-yellow lipid droplets in stress exposed cells. Significant increase of monounsaturated fatty acids under the nutrient limited conditions was suitable to produce biodiesel. The maximum biomass (g/L) and lipid content (% dry cell weight) at different stresses showed significant results ( Ρ < 0.05) by single-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Co-Cultivation of Leptolyngbya tenuis (Cyanobacteria) and Chlorella ellipsoidea (Green alga) for Biodiesel Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Cadmium Accumulation

Abstract: The co-cultivation approach using cyanobacteria—Leptolyngbya tenuis and green alga—Chlorella ellipsoidea demonstrated in the present study showed additive and synergistic effects on biomass yield, biomass productivity, lipid yield, lipid productivity, CO2 fixation, and cadmium bioremediation efficiency. The results of co-culture in batch mode revealed about 2–3 times increase in biomass and two times increase in total lipid, when compared to the pure culture batches. The results revealed that co-cultures exhibited significantly high CO2 fixation rate of 2.63 ± 0.09 g/L/d, which is 1.5–2 times better than monocultures (P Chlorella (58%, 0.29 mg/L) > Leptolyngbya (50%, 0.25 mg/L) (P < 0.05). In addition, fatty acid composition, CHNS analysis, biodiesel characterization, and biochemical compositions were also determined using co-culture method. The maximum biomass yield, productivity, lipid content, and CO2 fixation rate in cadmium induced co-culture were 3.95 ± 0.13 g/L, 258.88 ± 15.75 mg/L/d, 41.43 ± 0.71%, and 3.21 ± 0.20 g/L/d, respectively which is 1.2, 1.3, 2.3, and 1.2 times higher than the control (P < 0.05). Cadmium induced changes in growth and lipid yield using co-culture suggests cost-effective and eco-friendly production of biodiesel and carbon mitigation.

Concepts and studies on lipid and pigments of microalgae: A review

Abstract: This review describes compounds produced microalgae, such as biodiesel, lipids, fatty acids (FA), triacylglycerides (TAG), and pigments (phycobilins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids). We discuss the factors inducing the accumulation of these metabolites and their economic importance. We focused on cell wall breaking methods of microalgae used to produce biodiesel. A special approach was made to extremophile microalgae used in biodiesel production. The type of methodology used in the cultivation and the use of extremophiles microalgae can permit feasible biodiesel production.

Microencapsulation of natural antioxidants for food application – The specific case of coffee antioxidants – A review

Abstract: Background Functional foods fortified with antioxidants are gaining more popularity since consumption alone of foods naturally rich in antioxidants is insufficient to reduce oxidative stress associated with various diseases. Despite their beneficial effects, natural antioxidants present in coffee are sensitive to heat, light and oxygen, limiting their application in the food industry. Although microencapsulation is able to protect the antioxidant from degradation, mask its taste and control its release, the process of microparticles incorporation affects the original food properties. Scope and approach A carefully designed delivery system is essential to produce sensory appealing food, guarantee the delivery of the bioactive ingredient, prevent interactions with other food components and overcome problems encountered during food manufacturing and digestion. This review discusses the implementation of microencapsulation as a delivery system for coffee antioxidants, focusing on the critical aspects of microparticles food incorporation. Key findings and conclusions The development of microparticles containing coffee antioxidants for food applications should consider technological issues (such as antioxidant bioavailability, food manufacturing process and product final properties) as well as regulatory standards, economic feasibility and consumer acceptability. Further studies regarding the aforementioned parameters are needed in order to design suitable microparticles for functional foods.

Microalgae in Aquaculture: A Review with Special References to Nutritional Value and Fish Dietetics

Abstract: Microalgal biotechnology has gained considerable importance in recent decades and its use is extending day by day into several areas like nutraceutical research, renewable energy source, production of essential biomolecules like β-carotene, astaxanthin, PUFA, bio colorant production, wastewater treatment, bioremediation and aquaculture etc. Among all these, microalgae as a source of nutrition have drawn the attention since long back and are widely used in animal nutrition. Fishmeal is the preferred protein ingredient of feed in aquaculture industry, contributing significantly to the variable production cost. However, decreasing fishmeal supply and increasing costs threaten the sustainability and growth of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, complete or partial substitution of fishmeal with alternative proteins is needed to solve the problem. Presently, microalgae are used worldwide as an alternate protein source replacing fishmeal successfully. In feeding trials with fish, many types of microalgae have been found to be used for increasing growth (protein accretion), feed utilization, physiological activity, stress response, starvation tolerance, disease resistance, and carcass quality. In the present communication an attempt has been taken to review the application of different microalgae in rearing of aquaculture animal especially the fishes.