Graeme Hugo

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a discussion of current theories that clarify basic assumptions and hypotheses of the various models of international migration, including macro theories of neoclassical economics, micro theories of macro-economic economics, new economics with examples for crop insurance markets futures markets unemployment insurance and capital markets, dual labor market theory and structural inflation motivational problems economic dualism and the demography of labor supply; and world systems theory and the impacts of land raw materials labor material links ideological links and global cities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present and evaluate the leading contemporary theories proposed to explain the emergence and operation of these systems; evaluate the efficacy of various theories as they applied to trends and patterns in North America Western Europe the Persian Gulf Asia and the Pacific and South America and then synthesize the results of these reviews to produce an integrated theoretical vision capable of providing a coherent guide for future research and policy formation.

TL;DR: A previously developed index of walkability was operationalised in an Australian context, using available spatial data to generate a stratified sampling frame for the selection of households for the PLACE study.

TL;DR: The physical environment attributes that make up the walkability index are potentially important candidate factors for future environmental and policy initiatives designed to increase physical activity.

TL;DR: This article reviewed empirical studies of international migration within the North American migratory system in order to evaluate the various theories that seek to explain the initiation and perpetuation of international movement and found significant support for all theories suggesting that they constitute complementary rather than competing explanations of migration.