Graham S. Hudson

Bio: Graham S. Hudson is an academic researcher from Laboratory of Molecular Biology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gene & Genome. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 8 publications receiving 2533 citations.

DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein—Barr virus genome

Abstract: The complete (172,282 base pairs) nucleotide sequence of the B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus has been established using the dideoxynucleotide/M13 sequencing procedure. Many RNA polymerase II promoters have been mapped and the mRNAs from these promoters have been assigned to the latent or early/late productive virus cycles. Likely protein-coding regions have been identified and three of these have been shown to encode a ribonucleotide reductase, a DNA polymerase and two surface glycoproteins.

Two related but differentially expressed potential membrane proteins encoded by the EcoRI Dhet region of Epstein-Barr virus B95-8.

Abstract: Three mRNAs in the EcoRI Dhet region of Epstein-Barr virus B95-8 were mapped. Their 3' ends are coterminal. A latent gene containing three exons is transcribed from the ED-L1 promoter and was predicted to lead to expression of a 42-kilodalton protein. An unspliced late mRNA is produced by transcription from the ED-L1A promoter within the first intron of the above gene and was predicted to lead to expression of a 28-kilodalton protein corresponding to the C-terminal two-thirds of the 42-kilodalton protein. Both proteins would have hydrophobic N-terminal domains and highly acidic C-terminal domains and were predicted to span the cell membrane. An early promoter (ED-L2) is located in the 3' untranslated region of the above genes and was predicted to lead to expression of a 6.5-kilodalton polypeptide containing a C-terminal hydrophobic region.

Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor.

Abstract: Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.

Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma

Abstract: Representational difference analysis was used to isolate unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These sequences were not present in tissue DNA from non-AIDS patients, but were present in 15 percent of non-KS tissue DNA samples from AIDS patients. The sequences are homologous to, but distinct from, capsid and tegument protein genes of the Gammaherpesvirinae, herpesvirus saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus. These KS-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) sequences appear to define a new human herpesvirus.

Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus-Like DNA Sequences in AIDS-Related Body-Cavity–Based Lymphomas

Abstract: Background DNA fragments that appeared to belong to an unidentified human herpesvirus were recently found in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These fragments were also found in 6 of 39 tissue samples without Kaposi's sarcoma, including 3 malignant lymphomas, from patients with AIDS, but not in samples from patients without AIDS. Methods We examined the DNA of 193 lymphomas from 42 patients with AIDS and 151 patients who did not have AIDS. We searched the DNA for sequences of Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) by Southern blot hybridization, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or both. The PCR products in the positive samples were sequenced and compared with the KSHV sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma tissues from patients with AIDS. Results KSHV sequences were identified in eight lymphomas in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. All eight, and only these eight, were body-cavity–based lymphomas — that...

Epstein–Barr virus: 40 years on

Abstract: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was discovered 40 years ago from examining electron micrographs of cells cultured from Burkitt's lymphoma, a childhood tumour that is common in sub-Saharan Africa, where its unusual geographical distribution — which matches that of holoendemic malaria —indicated a viral aetiology. However, far from showing a restricted distribution, EBV — a γ-herpesvirus — was found to be widespread in all human populations and to persist in the vast majority of individuals as a lifelong, asymptomatic infection of the B-lymphocyte pool. Despite such ubiquity, the link between EBV and 'endemic' Burkitt's lymphoma proved consistent and became the first of an unexpectedly wide range of associations discovered between this virus and tumours.

The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1.

Abstract: We have determined the DNA sequence of the long unique region (UL) in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain 17. The UL sequence contained 107,943 residues and had a base composition of 66.9% G + C. Together with our previous work, this completes the sequence of HSV-1 DNA, giving a total genome length of 152,260 residues of base composition 68.3% G + C. Genes in the UL region were located by the use of published mapping analyses, transcript structures and sequence data, and by examination of DNA sequence characteristics. Fifty-six genes were identified, accounting for most of the sequence. Some 28 of these are at present of unknown function. The gene layout for UL was found to be very similar to that for the corresponding part of the genome of varicella-zoster virus, the only other completely sequenced alphaherpesvirus, and the amino acid sequences of equivalent proteins showed a range of similarities. In the whole genome of HSV-1 we now recognize 72 genes which encode 70 distinct proteins.