Gudrun A. Jonsdottir

Bio: Gudrun A. Jonsdottir is an academic researcher from WiCell. The author has contributed to research in topics: Embryoid body & Embryonic stem cell. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 13903 citations.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells

Abstract: Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. We show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such induced pluripotent human cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development, as well as for applications in transplantation medicine, once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated.

Supporting Online Material for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells

Abstract: Supporting Online Material for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells Junying Yu,* Maxim A. Vodyanik, Kim Smuga-Otto, Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget, Jennifer L. Frane, Shulan Tian, Jeff Nie, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Victor Ruotti, Ron Stewart, Igor I. Slukvin, James A. Thomson* *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jyu@primate.wisc.edu (J.Y.); thomson@primate.wisc.edu (J.A.T.)

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived From Human Somatic Cells

Abstract: Because the mammalian embryo is regulated by epigenetic rather than genetic events, differentiation is—in principle—reversible. Somatic cell nuclear transfer permits trans-acting factors resident in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. The inves

"Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells" (2007), by Junying Yu et al. [1]

Abstract: By: Wu, Ke On 2 December 2007, Science published a report on creating human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human somatic cells: “Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells.” This report came from a team of Madison, Wisconsin scientists: Junying Yu [5] , Maxim A. Vodyanik, Kim Smuga-Otto, Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget, Jennifer L. Frane, Shulan Tian, Jeff Nie, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Victor Ruotti, Ron Stewart, Igor I. Slukvin, and James A. Thomson [6] . Earlier that year Shinya Yamanaka [7] at Kyoto University [8] , Japan published a similar paper, “Generation of Germline-Competent Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,” in Nature . Both papers independently identified four genes [9] used to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells [10] , which are cells that have the ability to develop into any specialized cell type making up the body. The reprogrammed somatic cells were referred to as iPS cells and they exhibit fundamental qualities of human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The idea of reversing the biological process whereby ES cells differentiate into somatic (adult) cells comes from the concept that development derives from epigenetic rather than genetic events. Based on this principle, differentiation [11] is reversible. In cloning [12] the sheep [13] Dolly, scientists were able to demonstrate that nuclei taken from differentiated adult mammalian cells have the ability to be reprogrammed into an undifferentiated state using the technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer [14] (SCNT). In SCNT, an isolated nucleus [15] from a differentiated adult cell is fused with an enucleated egg [16] , an egg [16] with the nucleus [15] removed. The fused nuclei are reprogrammed creating human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human somatic cells: Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Cells." published a similar paper,"Generation of Germline-Competent Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells," in Nature. Both papers independently identified four genes used to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells, which are cells that have the ability to develop into any specialized cell type making up the body. The reprogrammed somatic cells were referred to as iPS cells and they exhibit fundamental qualities of human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

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Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling

Abstract: Current neural induction protocols for human embryonic stem (hES) cells rely on embryoid body formation, stromal feeder co-culture or selective survival conditions. Each strategy has considerable drawbacks, such as poorly defined culture conditions, protracted differentiation and low yield. Here we report that the synergistic action of two inhibitors of SMAD signaling, Noggin and SB431542, is sufficient to induce rapid and complete neural conversion of >80% of hES cells under adherent culture conditions. Temporal fate analysis reveals the appearance of a transient FGF5(+) epiblast-like stage followed by PAX6(+) neural cells competent to form rosettes. Initial cell density determines the ratio of central nervous system and neural crest progeny. Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells into midbrain dopamine and spinal motoneurons confirms the robustness and general applicability of the induction protocol. Noggin/SB431542-based neural induction should facilitate the use of hES and hiPS cells in regenerative medicine and disease modeling and obviate the need for protocols based on stromal feeders or embryoid bodies.

Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors

Abstract: Pluripotency pertains to the cells of early embryos that can generate all of the tissues in the organism. Embryonic stem cells are embryo-derived cell lines that retain pluripotency and represent invaluable tools for research into the mechanisms of tissue formation. Recently, murine fibroblasts have been reprogrammed directly to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using these same factors, we have derived iPS cells from fetal, neonatal and adult human primary cells, including dermal fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy of a healthy research subject. Human iPS cells resemble embryonic stem cells in morphology and gene expression and in the capacity to form teratomas in immune-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that defined factors can reprogramme human cells to pluripotency, and establish a method whereby patient-specific cells might be established in culture.