The purpose of this paper is to study the rebounding phenomenon of a striking ship and its effect on the structural crashworthiness of the struck ship. Pioneer works on ship collision and mathematical formulations to assess energy after collision are described to summarize the behaviour of the ship structure under collision between ships in various scenarios. A benchmark study is conducted using laboratory tests of the resistance to penetration of a stiffened plate to validate the methodology of the present work, which uses finite element methods to model a series of dynamic collision scenarios. The setting and configuration of a full-scale collision analysis is introduced, along with the configurations of the defined scenarios. External and internal ship collision parameters are considered as parameters that will affect structural behaviour prior to and after ruptures. The results of the evaluation indicate that in the event of a side collision, the striking ship can either fully stuck or rebounding phenomena. These phenomena produce significant differences in term of internal energy and crushing force, which are included as crashworthiness criteria. The type of striking ship, as well as its velocity, significantly affects the rebounding of the striking ship and behaviour of the struck ship. A notable gap between medium and high-carbon steels is not found during observations of the structural crashworthiness accounting for structure materials. Finally, other criteria for assessing the mechanisms and effects of rebounding during a collision are summarized, i.e. kinetic energy, acceleration, and extent of damage.

Effects of the rebounding of a striking ship on structural crashworthiness during ship-ship collision

WITH THE OPENING OF THE NORTHERN SEA FOR INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING ROUTES, VARIOUS VESSELS PREFER TO USE THIS OPTION TO REACH EUROPE AS DISTANCE IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IF A SHIP IS SAILING THROUGH THIS ROUTE. IN THE SAME TIME, THE DEMAND TO ENSURE SHIP SAFETY RISES AS IMPACT PHENOMENON BETWEEN SHIP STRUCTURES AND ICE CAUSES NUMEROUS CASUALTIES. THIS WORK PRESENTED A NUME-RICAL STUDY WITH A CONCENTRATION ON CONTACT BETWEEN SHIP STRUCTURES AND LEVELS. THE DOUBLE SIDE SKIN OF A CHEMICAL TANKER WAS MODELLED WITH A SHELL ELEMENT WHILE A DEFORMABLE CHARACTERISTIC WAS IMPLEMENTED ON THE ICE AS AN INDENTER. SEVERAL TARGET AREAS ON THE SIDE STRUCTURE WERE SET AS IMPACT POINTS BASED ON ITS STIFFENER COMPONENT. DIFFERENT MODELS OF INDENTER WERE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO OBSERVE STRUCTURAL RESPONSES AND INFLUENCES OF EXTERNAL PARAMETERS, NAMELY ICE TOPOLOGY, WHILE THE DESCRIBED LOCATION PARAMETERS WAS TAKEN AS THE SHIP’S INTERNAL PARAMETERS. IMPACT FORCE WAS PRESENTED WITH TOTAL ENERGY, AS WELL AS THE RATIO BETWEEN KINETIC AND INTERNAL ENERGY. THE DEFORMATION PATTERN WAS USED AS A VERIFICATION OF THE COLLISION PROCESS AND ITS SUBSEQUENT RESULTS. FINALLY, THE BEHAVIOR OF THE INNER WALLS SUBJECTED TO TYPE INDENTERS WAS OBSERVED AS THIS COMPONENT IS THE FINAL COMPONENT THAT MAINTAINS LIQUID CARGO AND RESISTS AN IMPACT LOAD.

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Numerical simulation for the collision between side structure and level ice in event of side impact scenario

Energy behavior on side structure in event of ship collision subjected to external parameters.

Analysis of structural behavior during collision event accounting for bow and side structure interaction

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of selected parameters in ship collision and extend it to assessment of structural crashworthiness on the double-side structure (DSS). A brief concept and implementation of the ship–ship interaction is presented in early discussion, which is followed by fundamental factors in numerical calculation. Initial analysis is addressed to quantify influence of several element formulations types on damage extent and simulation time. According to comparison with certain RoRo collision incident data, the fully integrated version of the Belytschko–Tsay emerges as the most similar in terms of the damage criterion of analysis. Even though ordinary type of the Belytschko–Tsay produces faster time processing, fully integrated version is still chosen as it can prevent undesired phenomena during nonlinear finite element analysis. The next analysis aims to conduct crashworthiness assessment on several regions of the target ship. Collision location and attacking velocity are determined as representative of the external dynamic parameters, while material grade is considered as the internal parameter. Assessment results of the DSS are presented in forms of the statistical calculation to obtain variance percentage, and failure sequence to understand crushing process during side collision. Result tendency indicates that the velocity is nominated as the most influencing parameters to the crashworthiness criteria of the target ship.

Nonlinear analysis of inter-island RoRo under impact: effects of selected collision’s parameters on the crashworthy double-side structures

在现在的分析，在数字模拟使用的几个参数在综合研究被调查在这模拟的进程和结果上获得他们的影响。学习的参数是元素明确的表达，磨擦系数，和材料模型。用非线性的有限元素方法的数字模拟被进行为几种碰撞情形生产虚拟试验性的数据。当真实试验性的数据，和这些被用来验证方法，碰撞在一个真实事故案例中引起的模式和尺寸损坏被假定。执行的元素模型学习显示 Belytschko-Tsay 元素明确的表达应该在虚拟实验为使用被推荐。为包含的材料的磨擦系数的真实价值在模拟被使用，这被推荐。为材料模型的学习，有高收益力量的材料的申请在方面壳结构为使用被推荐。

Gunawan

Papers

Study on Collision Between Two Ships Using Selected Parameters in Collision Simulation