Günter Adam

Bio: Günter Adam is an academic researcher from Leibniz Association. The author has contributed to research in topics: Brassinosteroid & Brassinolide. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 220 publications receiving 2672 citations. Previous affiliations of Günter Adam include Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology & University of Würzburg.

Brassinosteroids. Chemistry, bioactivity, and applications.

Abstract: US Department of Agriculture Brassins Project: 1970-1980 Brassinosteroids in Leaves of Distylium racemosum Sieb et Zucc: The Beginning of Brassinosteroid Research in Japan Natural Occurrences of Brassinosteroids Synthesis of Brassinolide Synthesis and Some Practical Aspects of Brassinosteroids Types of Brassinosteroids and Their Bioassays Aspects of Synthesis and Bioactivity of Brassinosteroids Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Brassinosteroids Production of Brassinosteroids in Plant-Cell Cultures Microanalysis of Naturally Occuring Brassinosteroids Molecular Analysis of Brassinolide Action in Plant Growth and Development Effect of Brassinosteroids on Protein Synthesis and Plant-Cell Ultrastructure under Stress Conditions The Case of Brassinosteroids as Endogenous Plant Hormones Brassinosteroid-Induced Changes of Plasmalemma Energization and Transport and of Assimilate Uptake by Plant Tissues Brassinosteroids Specifically Inhibit Growth of Tobacco Tumor Cells Stimulation of Growth Induced by Brassinosteroid and Conditioning Factors in Plant-Cell Cultures Rice-Lamina Inclination, Endogenous Levels in Plant Tissues and Accumulation during Pollen Development of Brassinosteroids Influence of Brassinosteroids on Organ Relations and Enzyme Activities of Sugar-Beet Plants Effects of Brassinolide on Growth and Chilling Resistance of Maize Seedlings Brassinosteroids and Root Development Physiological Modes of Brassinolide Action in Cucumber Hypocotyl Growth Brassinoslide-Induced Elongation Antidysteroid Effects of Brassinosteroids in Insects Application of 24-Epibrassinolide in Agriculture Capability for and Problems of Practical Uses of Brassinosteroids Effects of Brassinolide on Conditioning and Germination of Witchweed (Striga asiatics) Seeds Growth-Regulating Action of Brassinolide in Rice Plants Effect of Brassinolide on Levels of Indoleacetic Acid and Abscisic Acid in Squash Hypocotyls: Possible Application for Preventing Fruit Abortion Brassinosteroids: US Department of Agriculture Contributions and Environmental Protection Agency Registration Requirements Brassinosteroids through the Looking Glass: An Appraisal

BRASSINOSTEROIDS: Essential Regulators of Plant Growth and Development

Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-promoting natural products found at low levels in pollen, seeds, and young vegetative tissues throughout the plant kingdom. Detailed studies of BR biosynthesis and metabolism, coupled with the recent identification of BR-insensitive and BR-deficient mutants, has greatly expanded our view of steroids as signals controlling plant growth and development. This review examines the microchemical and molecular genetic analyses that have provided convincing evidence for an essential role of BRs in diverse developmental programs, including cell expansion, vascular differentiation, etiolation, and reproductive development. Recent advances relevant to the molecular mechanisms of BR-regulated gene expression and BR signal transduction are also discussed.

GROWTH RETARDANTS: Effects on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Other Metabolic Pathways

Abstract: ▪ Abstract Plant growth retardants are applied in agronomic and horticultural crops to reduce unwanted longitudinal shoot growth without lowering plant productivity. Most growth retardants act by inhibiting gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. To date, four different types of such inhibitors are known: (a) Onium compounds, such as chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride, chlorphonium, and AMO-1618, which block the cyclases copalyl-diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase involved in the early steps of GA metabolism. (b) Compounds with an N-containing heterocycle, e.g. ancymidol, flurprimidol, tetcyclacis, paclobutrazol, uniconazole-P, and inabenfide. These retardants block cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, thereby inhibiting oxidation of ent-kaurene into ent-kaurenoic acid. (c) Structural mimics of 2-oxoglutaric acid, which is the co-substrate of dioxygenases that catalyze late steps of GA formation. Acylcyclohexanediones, e.g. prohexadione-Ca and trinexapac-ethyl and daminozide, block particularly...

If C-H bonds could talk: selective C-H bond oxidation.

Abstract: C-H oxidation has a long history and an ongoing presence in research at the forefront of chemistry and interrelated fields. As such, numerous highly useful articles and reviews have been written on this subject. Logically, these are generally written from the perspective of the scope and limitations of the reagents employed. This Minireview instead attempts to emphasize chemoselectivity imposed by the nature of the substrate. Consequently, many landmark discoveries in the field of C-H oxidation are not discussed, but hopefully the perspective taken herein will allow C-H oxidation reactions to be more readily incorporated into synthetic planning.

Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination

Abstract: This review focuses mainly on eudicot seeds, and on the interactions between abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA), ethylene, brassinosteroids (BR), auxin and cytokinins in regulating the interconnected molecular processes that control dormancy release and germination. Signal transduction pathways, mediated by environmental and hormonal signals, regulate gene expression in seeds. Seed dormancy release and germination of species with coat dormancy is determined by the balance of forces between the growth potential of the embryo and the constraint exerted by the covering layers, e.g. testa and endosperm. Recent progress in the field of seed biology has been greatly aided by molecular approaches utilizing mutant and transgenic seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and the Solanaceae model systems, tomato and tobacco, which are altered in hormone biology. ABA is a positive regulator of dormancy induction and most likely also maintenance, while it is a negative regulator of germination. GA releases dormancy, promotes germination and counteracts ABA effects. Ethylene and BR promote seed germination and also counteract ABA effects. We present an integrated view of the molecular genetics, physiology and biochemistry used to unravel how hormones control seed dormancy release and germination.