Probabilistic model for safe evacuation under the effect of uncertain factors in fire

Solar chimney for a real building considering both energy-saving and fire safety – a case study

Background: Due to the extensive use of subway transportation in high- and middle-income countries, the safety of passengers has become one of the important challenges in emergency management of subway station. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to identify environmental and organizational management factors that affect the safe emergency evacuation in subway stations. Materials and Methods: In this systematic literature review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database from 1990 to 2019 were searched to identify effective emergency management factors in safe emergency evacuation of the subways. A thematic content analysis was employed for data analysis. Results: Of 763 publications retrieved from the searches, 149 studies were included for data analysis. According to the findings, effective environmental and organizational management factors in safe emergency evacuation were discussed in eight subcategories, including infrastructure properties, evacuation-assisting resources, prevention of injuries and mitigation, preparedness for emergency evacuation, emergency response and reconstruction, and maintenance of evacuation facilities. Conclusion: The design of an optimal route for emergency evacuation is the main theme of most studies focusing on environmental factors. While a system approach for designer is needed for effective subway emergency evacuation, human-related factors focusing on injury prevention are also crucial.

A system approach on safe emergency evacuation in Subways: A systematic literature review

Systematic review of human and organizational risks for probabilistic risk analysis in high-rise buildings

This paper proposes an extended Floor-Field (FF) model to study the pedestrian evacuation dynamics under the influence of smoke diffusing in three-dimension (3D). In addition to static and dynamic fields, the extended model adopts the smoke and herding fields to reflect pedestrian’s smoke-avoiding behavior and herding behavior. The impact of smoke on pedestrians’ health is also considered. The smoke will reduce the pedestrians’ health point and finally impact their moving ability. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the evacuation dynamics. The influence of the smoke particles producing rate, the initial health point, the critical smoke concentration value, and the herding field on evacuation dynamics were analyzed in detail. Those results could bring some guidance to make the evacuation strategy in the smoke diffusing environment.

Evacuation dynamics with smoking diffusion in three dimension based on an extended Floor-Field model

Experimental study on the fire shape and maximum temperature beneath ceiling centerline in utility tunnel under the effect of curved sidewall

Quantitative risk assessment methods of evacuation safety for collapse of large steel structure gymnasium caused by localized fire

To study the effects of spacing on the downward flame spread over polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), an experiment was conducted by pure PMMA (with 200 mm height, 50 mm width, and 1 mm thickness) with spacings of 7 mm, 10 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm, 19 mm, 22 mm, and 25 mm to observe the flame height, pyrolysis spread rate of fuels, and heat feedback from the wall. The heat feedback received by PMMA was used to analyze the influencing mechanism of wall spacing on flame spread. The results are as follows: (1) The average flame height decreases with the increase in distances (
 $$\delta$$
 ). This decrease in average flame height cycles through two stages: a fast drop stage and a slow drop stage. (2) The average pyrolysis spread rate first increases with the increase in distance, and a maximum pyrolysis spread rate occurred in the 13 mm spacing scenario. Then, the average pyrolysis spread rate decreases monotonously when the distance between wall and sample exceeds 13 mm. (3) The heat flux received by the sample consists of both heat flux from the flame and heat feedback from the wall. With the increase in distance, the heat feedback from the wall follows a downward trend, while the heat flux from the flame first increases and then remains constant. Because of the effects of heat flux from flame and heat feedback from the wall, the heat flux received by the sample first increases and then decreases with the increase in distance.

Experimental study and heat transfer analysis of downward flame spread over PMMA under the effect of wall spacing

The invention discloses a firefighting emergency rescue platform system The system comprises an aircraft, a firefighting information database and a firefighting platform which is loaded at a control center, wherein both the aircraft and the firefighting database communicate with the firefighting platform According to the system disclosed by the invention, the rapid and correct three-dimensional modeling for large-scale buildings is realized through the aircraft, real-time catastrophe information is acquired, and the real-time information and firefighting data are added in a three-dimensional module so as to realize visualization and propose accurate rescue decisions

Guowei Zhang

Papers

Probabilistic model for safe evacuation under the effect of uncertain factors in fire

Experimental study on the fire shape and maximum temperature beneath ceiling centerline in utility tunnel under the effect of curved sidewall

Quantitative risk assessment methods of evacuation safety for collapse of large steel structure gymnasium caused by localized fire

Experimental study and heat transfer analysis of downward flame spread over PMMA under the effect of wall spacing

Firefighting emergency rescue platform system