Author
Gustav Paumgartner
Bio: Gustav Paumgartner is an academic researcher from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The author has contributed to research in topics: Bile acid & Lithotripsy. The author has an hindex of 56, co-authored 236 publications receiving 11070 citations.
Topics: Bile acid, Lithotripsy, Gallbladder, Cholic acid, Gallstones
Papers published on a yearly basis
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738 citations
TL;DR: Experimental evidence suggests three major mechanisms of action of UDCA, which may improve serum liver chemistries, delay disease progression to severe fibrosis or cirrhosis, and may prolong transplant‐free survival in primary biliary Cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
643 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that gallstone disease may be treated successfully and without serious adverse effects by extracorporeally generated shock waves in selected patients.
Abstract: We treated nine patients with functioning gallbladders containing one to three symptomatic radiolucent stones not larger than 25 mm in diameter, as well as five patients with stones in the common bile duct that were not removable by endoscopic procedures, by means of extracorporeally generated shock waves during general anesthesia. The patients with gallbladder stones received adjuvant treatment with a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. All gallbladder stones were disintegrated into sludge or fragments with diameters of no more than 8 mm. In six of the nine patients the fragments disappeared completely within 1 to 25 weeks. No adverse effects were detected during a follow-up period of 10 to 34 weeks, except transient biliary pain in two patients, with mild pancreatitis in one. In four of the five patients with common-bile-duct stones, shock-wave treatment permitted stone disintegration and successful endoscopic extraction or spontaneous passage of fragments. We conclude that gallstone disease may be treated successfully and without serious adverse effects by extracorporeally generated shock waves in selected patients.
493 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that ursodeoxycholic acid is beneficial in reducing disease activity in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and histopathological features improved significantly, as evaluated by multiparametric score.
417 citations
TL;DR: TUDCA may enhance the secretory capacity of cholestatic hepatocytes by stimulation of exocytosis and insertion of transport proteins into apical membranes via PKC‐dependent mechanisms.
229 citations
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TL;DR: In patients with chronic hepatitis C, once-weekly peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin was tolerated as well as interferonAlfa- 2b plus Ribavirin and produced significant improvements in the rate of sustained virologic response, as compared with interfer on alfa -2b plus ribvirin or pegin terferonalfa-3a alone.
Abstract: Background Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a alone produces significantly higher sustained virologic responses than treatment with interferon alfa-2a alone in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We compared the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin, interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin, and peginterferon alfa-2a alone in the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Methods A total of 1121 patients were randomly assigned to treatment and received at least one dose of study medication, consisting of 180 μg of peginterferon alfa-2a once weekly plus daily ribavirin (1000 or 1200 mg, depending on body weight), weekly peginterferon alfa-2a plus daily placebo, or 3 million units of interferon alfa-2b thrice weekly plus daily ribavirin for 48 weeks. Results A significantly higher proportion of patients who received peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin had a sustained virologic response (defined as the absence of detectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after cessation of therapy) th...
6,523 citations
TL;DR: The institution of blood-screening measures in developed countries has decreased the risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis to a negligible level, but new cases continue to occur mainly as a result of injection-drug use and, to a lesser degree, through other means of percutaneous or mucous-membrane exposure.
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 170 million persons worldwide and thus represents a viral pandemic, one that is five times as widespread as infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The institution of blood-screening measures in developed countries has decreased the risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis to a negligible level, but new cases continue to occur mainly as a result of injection-drug use and, to a lesser degree, through other means of percutaneous or mucous-membrane exposure. Progression to chronic disease occurs in the majority of HCV-infected persons, and infection with the virus has become the main indication . . .
2,966 citations
TL;DR: The natural history of cirrhosis is outlined, the model for end stage liver disease (MELD) has replaced the Child–Pugh score in the United States for prioritizing liver donor allocation and a systematic review of the literature regarding predictors of mortality in cirrhotic patients is reported on.
2,427 citations
TL;DR: The potential exists for altering the bile acid pool by targeting key enzymes in the 7α/β-dehydroxylation pathway through the development of pharmaceuticals or sequestering bile acids biologically in probiotic bacteria, which may result in their effective removal from the host after excretion.
2,144 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the receptor-binding region of pre-S1 specifically interacts with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a multiple transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver that is a functional receptor for HBV and HDV.
Abstract: Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV-related diseases remain a major public health problem. Individuals coinfected with its satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) have more severe disease. Cellular entry of both viruses is mediated by HBV envelope proteins. The pre-S1 domain of the large envelope protein is a key determinant for receptor(s) binding. However, the identity of the receptor(s) is unknown. Here, by using near zero distance photo-cross-linking and tandem affinity purification, we revealed that the receptor-binding region of pre-S1 specifically interacts with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a multiple transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver. Silencing NTCP inhibited HBV and HDV infection, while exogenous NTCP expression rendered nonsusceptible hepatocarcinoma cells susceptible to these viral infections. Moreover, replacing amino acids 157-165 of nonfunctional monkey NTCP with the human counterpart conferred its ability in supporting both viral infections. Our results demonstrate that NTCP is a functional receptor for HBV and HDV.
1,662 citations