Author
Guy A. Rouleau
Other affiliations: Utrecht University, University of Helsinki, Université de Montréal ...read more
Bio: Guy A. Rouleau is an academic researcher from Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital. The author has contributed to research in topics: Genome-wide association study & Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The author has an hindex of 129, co-authored 884 publications receiving 65892 citations. Previous affiliations of Guy A. Rouleau include Utrecht University & University of Helsinki.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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22 Mar 2018
TL;DR: This study identified 2 loci on CFA22 and CFA26 that contained only 2 genes, PCDH17 and ZWINT, significantly associated to two traits associated with syrinx transverse diameter that were significantly associated with SM secondary to CM in the CKCS dog breed strengthening its candidacy for this disease.
Abstract: Background: Syringomyelia (SM) is a common condition affecting brachycephalic toy breed dogs and is
characterized by the development of fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord. It is often concurrent with a
complex developmental malformation of the skull and craniocervical vertebrae called Chiari-like malformation (CM)
characterized by a conformational change and overcrowding of the brain and cervical spinal cord particularly at the
craniocervical junction. CM and SM have a polygenic mode of inheritance with variable penetrance.
Results: We identified six cranial T1-weighted sagittal MRI measurements that were associated to maximum
transverse diameter of the syrinx cavity. Increased syrinx transverse diameter has been correlated previously
with increased likelihood of behavioral signs of pain. We next conducted a whole genome association study
of these traits in 65 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs (33 controls, 32 with extreme phenotypes). Two
loci on CFA22 and CFA26 were found to be significantly associated to two traits associated with a reduced
volume and altered orientation of the caudal cranial fossa. Their reconstructed haplotypes defined two
associated regions that harbor only two genes: PCDH17 on CFA22 and ZWINT on CFA26. PCDH17 codes for a
cell adhesion molecule expressed specifically in the brain and spinal cord. ZWINT plays a role in chromosome
segregation and its expression is increased with the onset of neuropathic pain. Targeted genomic sequencing
of these regions identified respectively 37 and 339 SNPs with significantly associated P values. Genotyping of
tagSNPs selected from these 2 candidate loci in an extended cohort of 461 CKCS (187 unaffected, 274 SM
affected) identified 2 SNPs on CFA22 that were significantly associated to SM strengthening the candidacy of
this locus in SM development.
Conclusions: We identified 2 loci on CFA22 and CFA26 that contained only 2 genes, PCDH17 and ZWINT,
significantly associated to two traits associated with syrinx transverse diameter. The locus on CFA22 was
significantly associated to SM secondary to CM in the CKCS dog breed strengthening its candidacy for this
disease. This study will provide an entry point for identification of the genetic factors predisposing to this
condition and its underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors sequenced ALSassociated genes in C9orf72expansion-positive and negative ALS patients, alongside unaffected controls, to test the importance of oligogenicity and variant deleteriousness in ALS.
Abstract: “Oligogenic inheritance” is used to describe cases where more than one rare pathogenic variant is observed in the same individual. While multiple variants can alter disease presentation, the necessity of multiple variants to instigate pathogenesis has not been addressed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We sequenced ALS-associated genes in C9orf72-expansion-positive and negative ALS patients, alongside unaffected controls, to test the importance of oligogenicity and variant deleteriousness in ALS. We found that all groups had similar numbers of rare variants, but that variant severity was significantly higher in C9orf72-negative ALS cases, suggesting sufficiency of C9orf72 expansion to cause ALS alone.
10 citations
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10 Jul 2020
TL;DR: The findings highlight the power of integrating gene expression data with GWAS to prioritize putative causal genes for functional follow-up studies and find significant associations at 8 loci, 6 of which are novel and one of which implicates dopaminergic pathway.
Abstract: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological condition, with a prevalence of 5-15% in Central Europe and North America. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified some common risk regions for RLS, the causal genes have yet to be fully elucidated. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study involving 15,126 RLS cases and 95,725 controls, from the most recent meta-analysis of GWAS, and gene expression weights of GTEx v7 and the CMC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue panels. We identified 13 associations (in 8 independent loci) at the transcriptome-wide significant level, of which 6 were not implicated in the previous GWAS: SKAP1, SLC36A1, CCDC57, FN3KRP, NCOA6/TRPC4AP. A fine-mapping approach prioritized CMTR1, RP1-153P14.5, PRPF6, and PPP3R1 - to our knowledge, the latter of which is the first RLS-associated gene directly implicated in dopaminergic pathways. Overall, our findings highlight the power of integrating gene expression data with GWAS to prioritize putative causal genes for functional follow-up studies.
10 citations
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Columbia University Medical Center1, University of Oxford2, Northwestern University3, Harvard University4, University of Antioquia5, University of Kansas6, Trinity College, Dublin7, University of Miami8, François Rabelais University9, University of Lisbon10, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center11, University of Pennsylvania12, University of Nebraska–Lincoln13, University of California, San Diego14, University of Michigan15, Emory University16, McGill University17, University of Missouri18, Aix-Marseille University19, Saint Louis University20, Temple University21, Mitsubishi22, University of Ulm23, Toho University24, University of Sydney25, Ohio State University26, Medical University of South Carolina27, Hospital for Special Surgery28, University of British Columbia29, Cornell University30, Jichi Medical University31, University of California, San Francisco32, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center33, Mayo Clinic34, University of Chicago35, Beth Israel Medical Center36, University of Milan37, Pennsylvania State University38, Utrecht University39, University of Minnesota40, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences41, University of Florida42
TL;DR: For the estimated several thousand people living with PLS globally, while it may not be life-threatening, it may be life threatening as mentioned in this paper. But most neurologists will never personally diagnose PLS.
Abstract: Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a condition that most neurologists will never personally diagnose. For the estimated several thousand people living with PLS globally, while it may not be life-sh...
9 citations
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
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TL;DR: A model for the genetic basis of colorectal neoplasia that includes the following salient features is presented, which may be applicable to other common epithelial neoplasms, in which tumors of varying stage are more difficult to study.
11,576 citations
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TL;DR: A unified analytic framework to discover and genotype variation among multiple samples simultaneously that achieves sensitive and specific results across five sequencing technologies and three distinct, canonical experimental designs is presented.
Abstract: Recent advances in sequencing technology make it possible to comprehensively catalogue genetic variation in population samples, creating a foundation for understanding human disease, ancestry and evolution. The amounts of raw data produced are prodigious and many computational steps are required to translate this output into high-quality variant calls. We present a unified analytic framework to discover and genotype variation among multiple samples simultaneously that achieves sensitive and specific results across five sequencing technologies and three distinct, canonical experimental designs. Our process includes (1) initial read mapping; (2) local realignment around indels; (3) base quality score recalibration; (4) SNP discovery and genotyping to find all potential variants; and (5) machine learning to separate true segregating variation from machine artifacts common to next-generation sequencing technologies. We discuss the application of these tools, instantiated in the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK), to deep whole-genome, whole-exome capture, and multi-sample low-pass (~4×) 1000 Genomes Project datasets.
10,056 citations
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TL;DR: Tight genetic linkage between FALS and a gene that encodes a cytosolic, Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a homodimeric metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the toxic superoxide anion O–2 to O2 and H2O2 is reported.
Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Its cause is unknown and it is uniformly fatal, typically within five years. About 10% of cases are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with high penetrance after the sixth decade. In most instances, sporadic and autosomal dominant familial ALS (FALS) are clinically similar. We have previously shown that in some but not all FALS pedigrees the disease is linked to a genetic defect on chromosome 21q (refs 8, 9). Here we report tight genetic linkage between FALS and a gene that encodes a cytosolic, Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a homodimeric metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the toxic superoxide anion O2.- to O2 and H2O2 (ref. 10). Given this linkage and the potential role of free radical toxicity in other neurodenegerative disorders, we investigated SOD1 as a candidate gene in FALS. We identified 11 different SOD1 missense mutations in 13 different FALS families.
6,733 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that ras-gene mutations occurred in 58 percent of adenomas larger than 1 cm and in 47 percent of carcinomas, which are consistent with a model of colorectal tumorigenesis in which the steps required for the development of cancer often involve the mutational activation of an oncogene coupled with the loss of several genes that normally suppress tumors.
Abstract: Because most colorectal carcinomas appear to arise from adenomas, studies of different stages of colorectal neoplasia may shed light on the genetic alterations involved in tumor progression. We looked for four genetic alterations (ras-gene mutations and allelic deletions of chromosomes 5, 17, and 18) in 172 colorectal-tumor specimens representing various stages of neoplastic development. The specimens consisted of 40 predominantly early-stage adenomas from 7 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, 40 adenomas (19 without associated foci of carcinoma and 21 with such foci) from 33 patients without familial polyposis, and 92 carcinomas resected from 89 patients. We found that ras-gene mutations occurred in 58 percent of adenomas larger than 1 cm and in 47 percent of carcinomas. However, ras mutations were found in only 9 percent of adenomas under 1 cm in size. Sequences on chromosome 5 that are linked to the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis were not lost in adenomas from the patients with polyposis but were lost in 29 to 35 percent of adenomas and carcinomas, respectively, from other patients. A specific region of chromosome 18 was deleted frequently in carcinomas (73 percent) and in advanced adenomas (47 percent) but only occasionally in earlier-stage adenomas (11 to 13 percent). Chromosome 17p sequences were usually lost only in carcinomas (75 percent). The four molecular alterations accumulated in a fashion that paralleled the clinical progression of tumors. These results are consistent with a model of colorectal tumorigenesis in which the steps required for the development of cancer often involve the mutational activation of an oncogene coupled with the loss of several genes that normally suppress tumorigenesis.
6,309 citations