Data Mining - Concepts and Techniques.

Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

‡We describe the use of singular value decomposition in transforming genome-wide expression data from genes 3 arrays space to reduced diagonalized ‘‘eigengenes’’ 3 ‘‘eigenarrays’’ space, where the eigengenes (or eigenarrays) are unique orthonormal superpositions of the genes (or arrays). Normalizing the data by filtering out the eigengenes (and eigenarrays) that are inferred to represent noise or experimental artifacts enables meaningful comparison of the expression of different genes across different arrays in different experiments. Sorting the data according to the eigengenes and eigenarrays gives a global picture of the dynamics of gene expression, in which individual genes and arrays appear to be classified into groups of similar regulation and function, or similar cellular state and biological phenotype, respectively. After normalization and sorting, the significant eigengenes and eigenarrays can be associated with observed genome-wide effects of regulators, or with measured samples, in which these regulators are overactive or underactive, respectively.

Singular Value Decomposition for Genome-Wide Expression Data Processing and Modeling

Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology

Investigating the impact of data normalization on classification performance

Supervised hybrid feature selection based on PSO and rough sets for medical diagnosis

Brain tumor is one of the most harmful diseases, and has affected majority of people including children in the world. The probability of survival can be enhanced if the tumor is detected at its premature stage. The intention of feature selection approach is to select a small subset of features which minimizes redundancy and maximizes relevance to the target such as the class labels in classification. Thus, the machine learning model receives a brief organization with high predictive accuracy using the selected prominent features. Therefore, currently, feature selection plays a significant role in machine learning and knowledge discovery. A novel hybrid supervised feature selection algorithm, called TRSFFQR (Tolerance Rough Set Firefly based Quick Reduct), is developed and applied for MRI brain images. The hybrid intelligent system aims to exploit the benefits of the basic models and at the same time, moderate their limitations. Different categories of features are extracted from the segmented MRI images, i.e., shape, intensity and texture based features. The features extracted from brain tumor Images are real values. Hence Tolerance Rough set is applied in this work. In this study, a hybridization of two techniques, Tolerance Rough Set (TRS) and Firefly Algorithm (FA) are used to select the imperative features of brain tumor. Performance of TRSFFQR is compared with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Supervised Tolerance Rough Set-PSO based Relative Reduct (STRSPSO-RR) and Supervised Tolerance Rough Set-PSO based Quick Reduct (STRSPSO-QR).The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed technique as well as improvements over the existing supervised feature selection algorithms.

Hybrid Tolerance Rough Set-Firefly based supervised feature selection for MRI brain tumor image classification

Feature selection is a process of selecting optimal features that produce the most prognostic outcome. It is one of the essential steps in knowledge discovery. The crisis is that not all features are important. Most of the features may be redundant, and the rest may be irrelevant and noisy. This paper presents a novel feature selection approach to deal with issues of high dimensionality in the medical dataset. Medical datasets are habitually classified by a large number of measurements and a comparatively small number of patient records. Most of these measurements are irrelevant or noisy. This paper proposes a supervised feature selection method based on Rough Set Quick Reduct hybridized with Improved Harmony Search algorithm. Rough set theory is one of the most thriving methods used for feature selection. The Rough Set Improved Harmony Search Quick Reduct (RS-IHS-QR) algorithm is a relatively new population-based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. This approach imitates the music improvisation process, where each musician improvises their instrument's pitch by searching for a perfect state of harmony. The quality of the reduced data is measured by the classification performance. The proposed algorithm is experimentally compared with the existing algorithms Rough Set Quick Reduct (RS-QR) and Rough Set Particle Swarm Optimization Quick Reduct (RS-PSO-QR). The number of features selected by the proposed method is comparatively low. The proposed algorithm reveals more than 90 % classification accuracy in most of the cases and the time taken to reduct the dataset also decreased than the existing methods. The experimental result demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A novel hybrid feature selection method based on rough set and improved harmony search

In recent years, most of the researchers are developing brain–computer interface (BCI) applications for the physically disabled to be able to interconnect with peripheral devices based on brain activities. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a very powerful tool for investigating patient’s health and different physiological activities of the brain. A significant challenge in this BCI application is the accurate and reliable recognition of motor imagery (MI) task. A brain–computer interface based on MI interprets the patient’s brain activities into a control signal through classifying EEG patterns of various motor imagination tasks. The appropriate features are essential to achieving higher classification accuracy of EEG motor imagery task. For EEG signal feature extraction, wavelet transform is suitable for analysis of nonlinear time series signals. Nevertheless, the dimension of the extracted feature is huge and it may reduce the performance of classification method. Dimensionality reduction and classification play an important role in BCI motor imagery research. In this study, hybridization of particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based rough set feature selection technique is proposed for achieving a minimal set of relevant features from extracted features. The selected features are applied to the proposed novel neighborhood rough set classifier (NRSC) method for classification of multiclass motor imagery. The experimental results are delivered for nine subjects of the BCI Competition 2008 Dataset IIa to show the greater performance of the proposed algorithm. The outcome of proposed algorithms produces a higher mean kappa of 0.743 compared to 0.70 from sequential updating semi-supervised spectral regression kernel discriminant analysis. Experimental results show that the strength of the proposed PSO-rough set and NRSC algorithms outperforms the champion of the BCI Competition IV Dataset IIa and other existing research using this dataset.

PSO-based feature selection and neighborhood rough set-based classification for BCI multiclass motor imagery task

Fetal heart rate helps in diagnosing the well-being and also the distress of fetal. Cardiotocograph (CTG) monitors the fetal heart activity to estimate the fetal tachogram based on the evaluation of ultrasound pulses reflected from the fetal heart. It consists in a simultaneous recording and analysis of fetal heart rate signal, uterine contraction activity and fetal movements. Generally CTG comprises more number of features. Feature selection also called as attribute selection is a process of selecting a subset of highly relevant features which is responsible for future analysis. In general, medical datasets require more number of features to predict an activity. This paper aims at identifying the relevant and ignores the redundant features, consequently reducing the number of features to assess the fetal heart rate. The features are selected by using unsupervised particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based relative reduct (US-PSO-RR) and compared with unsupervised relative reduct and principal component analysis. The proposed method is then tested by applying various classification algorithms such as single decision tree, multilayer perceptron neural network, probabilistic neural network and random forest for maximum number of classes and clustering accuracies like root mean square error, mean absolute error, Davies---Bouldin index and Xie---Beni index for minimum number of classes. Empirical results show that the US-PSO-RR feature selection technique outperforms the existing methods by producing sensitivity of 72.72 %, specificity of 97.66 %, F-measure of 74.19 % which is remarkable, and clustering results demonstrate error rate produced by US-PSO-RR is less as well.

H. Hannah Inbarani

Papers

Supervised hybrid feature selection based on PSO and rough sets for medical diagnosis

Hybrid Tolerance Rough Set-Firefly based supervised feature selection for MRI brain tumor image classification

A novel hybrid feature selection method based on rough set and improved harmony search

PSO-based feature selection and neighborhood rough set-based classification for BCI multiclass motor imagery task

Feature selection using swarm-based relative reduct technique for fetal heart rate