H. M. Garraffo

TL;DR: A potent non-opioid analgesic, epibatidine, has been isolated from skins of the Ecuadoran poison frog, Epipedobates tricolor, and its structure determined by MS, IR, and 1 H NMR analyses as exo-2-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane represents a unique new class of alkaloids.

TL;DR: Three passerine species in the genus Pitohui, endemic to the New Guinea subregion, contain the steroidal alkaloid homobatrachotoxin, apparently as a chemical defense, suggesting that birds and frogs independently evolved this class of alkaloids.

TL;DR: The skin of poison frogs contains a wide variety of alkaloids that presumably serve a defensive role, and an alkaloid uptake system provides a means of maintaining skin alkaloidal levels and suggests that some if not all such 'dendrobatid alkal steroids' may have a dietary origin.

TL;DR: Skins of bufonid toads of the genus Melanophryniscus contain several classes of alkaloids, including precoccinelline [193A] and alkaloid 236, an oxime methyl ether, which are present in one population of Melanophile toads stelzneri.

TL;DR: Structures for 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinolines (DHQs) are reported, and detection of such DHQs in an ant, their first reported occurrence, strengthens a dietary hypothesis for the origin of the approximately 30DHQs that have been detected in extracts of frog skin.