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The Vegetation of Wisconsin: An Ordination of Plant Communities.

Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) are endemic to Borneo and primarily reside in peat swamp forest, mangrove, and riparian forest. Some smaller populations have also been found in upstream dipterocarp forest, as well as in rubber plantations, 300 km from coastal areas (Soendjoto 2003). Swamp forest along riverbank and riparian mangrove in the coast are also potential habitats for proboscis monkeys. The proboscis monkey population is very dependent on the quality of the wetland ecosystem, especially mangrove forest and riparian forest. This species’ focus on quality habitat makes it relatively intolerant to habitat disturbance (Bennett and Gombek 1993; Yeager 1992). McNeely et al. (1990) reported that there are 29,500 km2 of proboscis monkey habitat. Since 1990, 49% of this habitat has been lost, and only 4.1% of this habitat occurs within designated conservation areas. Undoubtedly, as village settlements and agricultural areas along the river’s edge tend to increase, the proboscis monkey habitat will decline as will its population. The increasing frequency of river traffic, forest concession activity, forest fire, illegal logging, and conversion of swamp forest to plantation estate and agricultural land, or fishpond development at mangrove forest, all represent primary causes of proboscis monkey habitat destruction.

Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus): Bio-ecology and Conservation

. To examine the impact of human disturbance on mammalian community in a human-disturbed tropical landscape in Borneo, we conducted a baited camera trapping study in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from 2005 to 2010. Along a gradient of habitat degradation, we established four camera trapping sites within a 20-km radius, one in Sungai Wain Protection Forest and three in Bukit Soeharto Grand Forest Park. From the camera trapping carried out for 1,017 camera-days, we obtained 3,753 images of 29 mammal species, including an alien species, the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). The trapping efficiency and species composition of mammals recorded differed between the two kinds of bait (banana and shrimp). The number of species decreased, and the species composition changed along the gradient of habitat degradation, suggesting that human-mediated habitat degradation has a significant effect on the mammalian communities. Our results suggest that forest cover is essential for at least 14 out of 29 recorded...

Comparison of Mammalian Communities in a Human-Disturbed Tropical Landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

A bird is a wildlife which could be found almost in any vegetated environment. The existenceof a bird in one area is very important because it could affect the presence and distribution ofplant species. The research aims to identify species diversity, distribution of bird species,habitat and analyze the relationship of bird species diversity to habitat in urban forest,Pekanbaru Municipal. The research was held in Diponegoro Urban Forest, Arboretum ofForestry Training Hall and Arboretum of Lancang Kuning University. The research wasconducted from March to June, 2011. All bird data were collected using a point countmethod. The vegetation data collected included species, composition and structure byforming a plot measuring. It was found 45 species, 26 families and 10 orders of birds. Thebird species diversity indices (H’) varied between 2.85 and 3.29, the bird average indices (E)varied between 0.87 and 0.9 and species richness indices (R) between 4.67 and 6.70. Thevertical bird distribution was mostly the bird with the upper canopy (35%), middle canopy(34%) and the rest was lower canopy (16%) as well as ground surface (15%). It was alsofound 77 tree species of 30 families. The tree species diversity indices (H’) varied between2.06 and 3.23, the species average indices (E) was between 0.64 and 0.85 and speciesrichness indices (R) was between 4.29 and 7.29. the bird species diversity in Pekanbaruurban forest had a positive correlation to the urban forest making trees.

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Keanekaragaman jenis burung di hutan kota pekanbaru

Bandung Regency is experiencing increased of air temperature, particularly in the urban area. High air temperature in urban areas is caused by increasing built-up areas and declining green open space. Green open space should be built to lower air temperature and to create a comfortable micro climate. Green open space should be developed at locations with high air temperature to reach its efficacy. This research used spatial analysis to generate air temperature distribution map. The map was used as the basis in developing green open space. The map showed that green open spaces should be developed at several sub-districts, namely Margahayu, Margaasih, Dayeuhkolot, Baleendah, Bojongsoang, Rancaekek, Cileunyi, Pameungpeuk, and Majalaya sub-districts.

/pdf/pengembangan-ruang-terbuka-hijau-berdasarkan-distribusi-suhu-ri6jdf7a8w.pdf

Pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau berdasarkan distribusi suhu permukaan di kabupaten bandung

Mangrove forests in Jakarta Bay have been degraded and deforested, resulting in flooding, intrusion, abrasion, and reduced fishery production. Mangrove forests have the characteristics of common property resources that tend to be damaged because their rights difficult to enforces. The parties involved in carrying out their role are not optimal so that conditions remain degraded. This study was conducted to find  a form of the arrangement of the party's role in the mangrove forest management. Research conducted at Muara Angke, North Jakarta and Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency. The results showed that key players have not made a comprehensive plan of mangrove forest management. In order to realize sustainable mangrove, it's required to increase the role of the people who originally only  as Subjects to become Key Players through community development activities. NGOs and Research Institutions need to increase the role from Crowds into Context Setters which have great impact in policy making. It is needed to form the Coordinating Team of Mangrove Ecosystem Management Strategy at the provincial and regent levels to synergize the policy and management program of mangrove ecosystems. Empowerment activities need to be carried out intensively to promote changes in the role of mangrove management.

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Penataan Peran Para Pihak dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove di Perkotaan

Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBGs) is one of the Indonesian Heritage is currently being sought to be recognized as a World Heritage which has survived for hundreds of years in an urban environment. Strategic function of BBGs require community attention in order to manifest a sustainable BBGs. However, the facts show that the shade of the trees began to decrease. There is a decrease in the number of bird species from 85 types (2002) to 35 species (2007). That change can’t be separated from the development of the city of Bogor. The growth of the city is centred around the BBGs. The investigation revealed that the active participation between workers and the communities surrounding BBGs becomes absolutely necessary to preserve BBGs.

Conservation of World Heritage Botanical Garden in an Environmentally Friendly City

The javan green peafowl ( Pavo muticus muticus ) is a endangered bird species. They have big pressure to the population and the habitat. The fact that the birds are still exist on their local distribution. Behavior ecology of javan green peafowl is dealing with activities, mechanism and strategies of the birds in relation to their environment. The aimed of the study is to obtain data and information of ecological adaptation strategies through the behavior activities, mechanism and strategies of javan green peafowl in-relation to their habitat types. Ad libitum sampling method was used on continuous recording every peafowl activities in relation with duration, frequencies mechanism and strategy were influenced by habitat type's condition. Chi-squre test was used for statistical analysis to know different behavior has influenced by habitat types. The result shown that the javan green peafowl habitat typse has significant influenced on duration of the activities but not at the activities pattern. The walking during the feeding. select shading places or luxuriant trees close to feeding site, choosing tall trees or emergent trees close to open area as roost site, open area also road as display or dancing area, open area which grow shrubs as nesting site are javan green peafowl ecological behavior strategies. The mechanism and strategies of javan green peafowl behavior ecology are related to avoid from disturbance and to adapt their habitat type's conditions.

Behavior Ecology of the Javan Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park, East Java

A study on population of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb.) was conducted in the area of riparian ecosystem of Rawa Gelam, Tapin District, South Kalimantan duringthe period of February-March 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition and the structure of the proboscis monkey population living outside the forest area. Rawa Gelam ecosystem is a cultivation area located on riverbanks of the Puting river. The remaining vegetation at Rawa Gelam contains only a maximum of 200 meters in width, and behind it there were paddy fields and palm oil plantations. The population of proboscis monkeys was counted using Total Count Sampling method. Result of this study showed that the population of proboscis monkeys in Rawa Gelam consisted of nine groups, with the total number of individuals was 192. The population density was 28.34 individuals/km2 with a group density of 1.34 groups/km2. In addition to this species, Rawa Gelam habitat was also inhabited by two other primate species. Seven groups of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and five groups of langurs (Trachyphitecus auratus) were recorded from this area, with the number of individuals of 47 and 76, respectively. The main threat of proboscis monkey's conservation in Rawa Gelam was habitat destruction and change of habitat function. Proboscis monkeys can be saved from the local extinction through habitat restoration needs to be done by applying agroforestry system and developing integrated ecotourism development. Keywords: Conservation, Nasalis larvatus, proboscis monkey, population, Rawa Gelam. ABSTRAK Penelitian populasi bekantan dilakukan di kawasan ekosistem riparian Rawa Gelam, Kabupaten Tapin, Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan Februari-Maret 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi populasi dan struktur kelompok bekantan yang hidup di luar kawasan hutan. Kawasan ekosistem Rawa Gelam merupakan lahan budidaya yang terletak di kanan-kiri Sungai Puting. Vegetasi Rawa Gelam yang tersisa hanya selebar maksimal 200 meter dan di belakangnya terdapat persawahan dan kebun kelapa sawit. Penghitungan populasi bekantan dilakukan dengan metode Total Count Sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui populasi bekantan di Rawa Gelam sebanyak sembilan kelompok bekantan, dengan jumlah 192 individu. Kepadatan populasi bekantan di kawasan ekosistem Rawa Gelam adalah 28,34 individu/km2 dengan kepadatan kelompok 1,34 kelompok/km2. Selain bekantan, kawasan Rawa Gelam juga dihuni oleh dua jenis primata lainnya, yaitu Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) dan Lutung Hitam (Trachyphitecus auratus). Tercatat ada lima kelompok Lutung Hitam dengan jumlah 47 individu dan tujuh kelompok monyet ekor panjang dengan jumlah 76 individu. Ancaman utama konservasi bekantan di Rawa Gelam adalah perusakan habitat dan perubahan fungsi kawasan. Untuk menyelamatkan bekantan dari kepunahan lokal, perlu dilakukan restorasi habitat dengan menerapkan pola agroforestridan pengembangan ekowisata terpadu. Kata kunci: Konservasi, Nasalis larvatus, bekantan, populasi, Rawa Gelam.

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Hadi S. Alikodra

Papers

Pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau berdasarkan distribusi suhu permukaan di kabupaten bandung

Penataan Peran Para Pihak dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove di Perkotaan

Conservation of World Heritage Botanical Garden in an Environmentally Friendly City

Behavior Ecology of the Javan Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park, East Java

STATUS POPULASI DAN KONSERVASI BEKANTAN (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb. 1787) DI HABITAT RAWA GELAM, KALIMANTAN SELATAN