Showing papers by "Hai-Rim Shin published in 2010"

Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008.

Abstract: Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 cancers in 2008 have been prepared for 182 countries as part of the GLOBOCAN series published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In this article, we present the results for 20 world regions, summarizing the global patterns for the eight most common cancers. Overall, an estimated 12.7 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occur in 2008, with 56% of new cancer cases and 63% of the cancer deaths occurring in the less developed regions of the world. The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide are lung (1.61 million, 12.7% of the total), breast (1.38 million, 10.9%) and colorectal cancers (1.23 million, 9.7%). The most common causes of cancer death are lung cancer (1.38 million, 18.2% of the total), stomach cancer (738,000 deaths, 9.7%) and liver cancer (696,000 deaths, 9.2%). Cancer is neither rare anywhere in the world, nor mainly confined to high-resource countries. Striking differences in the patterns of cancer from region to region are observed.

Recent trends and patterns in breast cancer incidence among Eastern and Southeastern Asian women

Abstract: Background Incidence of breast cancer is rising in Asian countries, and breast cancer is the most common cancer among Asian women. However, there are few recent descriptive reports on the epidemiology of breast cancer among Eastern and Southeastern Asian populations.

Comparison of incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma--focus on East and South-Eastern Asia.

Abstract: Background: The term “cholangiocarcinoma” was originally used only for intrahepatic bile duct (adeno) carcinomas, but is now regarded as inclusive of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal extrahepatic tumors of the bile ducts. A rise in incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been recently reported in Western countries but comparatively little is known about recent cholangiocarcinoma incidence trends in East and South-Eastern Asia. Methods: We compared age-adjusted incidence rates of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, as well as coding practices, using data from 18 cancer registries in Asia and 4 selected registries in Western countries. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence rates were calculated after reallocation of cases with unknown or unspecified histology among liver cancer cases. Results: Age-adjusted incidence rates of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma varied by more than 60-fold by region. The highest rates were found in Khon Kaen, Thailand, where 90% of liver tumors were cholangiocarcinomas. The next highest rates were found in the People’s Republic of China, followed by the Republic of Korea. The highest age-adjusted incidence rate for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was found in Korea. Coding practices for perihilar (Klatskin tumor) or unspecified sites of cholangiocarcinoma differed from one cancer registry to the other. The proportion of Klatskin tumors among cholangiocarcinomas was less than the one reported in clinical settings. Conclusion: Developing a consistent and uniform topographical classification for acceptable coding practice to all health professionals is necessary. In addition, epidemiological research on risk factors according to anatomical location (intrahepatic versus extrahepatic) and the macroscopic appearance and/or new histological classification of cholangiocarcinoma is also needed.

Isoflavones from Phytoestrogens and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study within the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort

Abstract: Background: The role of soybean products in gastric cancer risk is not clear in epidemiologic studies due to measurement error from dietary intake questionnaires and due to different degrees of bias according to study design. To examine the association between soybean products and gastric cancer risk, we measured phytoestrogen biological markers in a nested case-control study. Methods: The study population was composed of 131 cases and 393 matched controls within the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort. The concentrations of the four biomarkers in the plasma samples were measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression models were used to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Median plasma concentrations of genistein (229 nmol/L for controls, 181.8 nmol/L for cases; P = 0.07) and daidzein (131.2 nmol/L for controls, 80.5 nmol/L for cases; P = 0.04) in cases were lower than in controls, whereas equol concentrations were similar. Compared with the reference group, gastric cancer risk decreased in the highest groups for genistein (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.93) and daidzein (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08-0.58). Higher equol concentrations were associated with a decreased risk for gastric cancer (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.90). The combination of the highest concentrations for each isoflavone category was associated with a 0.09-fold decreased risk for gastric cancer compared with the combination of the lowest concentrations for each category. There was no association between plasma lignan concentrations and gastric cancer. Conclusions: High serum concentrations of isoflavones were associated with a decreased risk for gastric cancer. Impact: These results suggest a beneficial effect of high soybean product intake for gastric cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1292–300. ©2010 AACR.

Cancer in Asia - Incidence rates based on data in cancer incidence in five continents IX (1998-2002).

Abstract: Data from 44 cancer registries in 15 countries in Asia were published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume IX (CI5 IX). These and findings from 3 other registries were here analysed to provide an overview on the incidence and characteristics of specific cancers by country/region in Asia. Using the collected database, the annual number of cancer cases and the corresponding population numbers divided into six age groups (0-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70 and more) were extracted and used for incidence estimation. The incidence rates of cancer across Asia vary greatly, with approximately three fold differences in both males and females.

Cancer epidemiology and control in north-East Asia - past, present and future.

Abstract: China, Mongolia, Korea and Japan constitute North-East Asia. For reasons of largely shared ethnicity and culture, with various degress of mixed Chinese and Altaic elements, as well as geographical contiguity, they can be usefully grouped together for studies of chronic disease prevalence and particularly cancer. The fact of problems shared in common, with increasing disease rates, underlines the necessity for a coordinated approach to research and development of control measures. To provide a knowledge base, the present review of cancer registration and epidemiology data was conducted. The most frequent cancers in males of North-East Asia are in the lung, liver and stomach, with considerable geographical and temporal variation in their respective prevalences. However, colorectal cancer is also of increasing importance. In females the breast, together with the lung in China, the liver in Mongolia and the stomach in Korea and Japan, are most frequent. Variation in risk factors depends to a large extent on the local level of economic development but overall the countries of the region face similar challenges in achieving effective cancer control.

Secular trends in breast cancer mortality in five East Asian populations : Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan

Abstract: Breast cancer risk is increasing in most Asian female populations, but little is known about the long-term mortality trend of the disease among these populations. We extracted data for Hong Kong (1979–2005), Japan (1963–2006), Korea (1985–2006), and Singapore (1963–2006) from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database and for Taiwan (1964–2007) from the Taiwan cancer registry. The annual age-standardized, truncated (to ≥20 years) breast cancer death rates for 11 age groups were estimated and joinpoint regression was applied to detect significant changes in breast cancer mortality. We also compared age-specific mortality rates for three calendar periods (1975–1984, 1985–1994, and 1995–2006). After 1990, breast cancer mortality tended to decrease slightly in Hong Kong and Singapore except for women aged 70+. In Taiwan and Japan, in contrast, breast cancer death rates increased throughout the entire study period. Before the 1990s, breast cancer death rates were almost the same in Taiwan and Japan; thereafter, up to 1996, they rose more steeply in Taiwan and then they began rising more rapidly in Japan than in Taiwan after 1996. The most rapid increases in breast cancer mortality, and for all age groups, were in Korea. Breast cancer mortality trends are expected to maintain the secular trend for the next decade mainly as the prevalence of risk factors changes and population ages in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Early detection and treatment improvement will continue to reduce the mortality rates in Hong Kong and Singapore as observed in Western countries. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1141–1246)

[Cigarette smoking and mortality in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) study]

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and total mortality, cancer mortality and other disease mortalities in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 14 161 subjects of the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort who were over 40 years of age and who were cancer-free at baseline enrollment reported their lifestyle factors, including the smoking status. The median follow-up time was 6.6 years. During the follow-up period from 1993 to 2005, we identified 1159 cases of mortality, including 260 cancer mortality cases with a total of 91 987 person-years, by the national death certificate. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cigarette smoking for total mortality, cancer mortality and disease-specific mortality, as adjusted for age, gender, the geographic area and year of enrollment, the alcohol consumption status, the education level and the body mass index (BMI). Results: Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of total mortality, all-cancer mortality and lung cancer mortality (p-trend, <0.01, <0.01, <0.01, respectively). Compared to non-smoking, current smokers were at a higher risk for mortality (HR (95% CI) = 1.3 (1.1 - 1.5) for total mortality; HR (95% CI) = 1.6 (1.1 - 2.2) for all-cancer mortality; HR (95% CI)=3.9 (1.9-7.7) for lung cancer mortality). Conclusions: This study's results suggest that cigarette smoking might be associated with total mortality, all-cancer mortality and especially lung cancer mortality among Korean adults. ೠҴ੄ ൚োҗ ࢎݎ ਤ೷ী ҙೠ ௏ഐ౟ োҳ

Cervical Cancer Working Group Report

Abstract: Cancer Information Section/Data Analysis and InterpretationGroup, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France*For reprints and all correspondence: Ryo Konno, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi MedicalUniversity Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Ohmiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan.E-mail: kryo772007@yahoo.co.jpDisease burden of cervical cancer in Asia was summarized. Human papillomavirus 16 isthe most oncogenic human papillomavirus type. Korea’s national cervical cancer screeningprogram targets women aged 30 or over, with coverage of almost 80%. Japan has a longhistory (50 years) of cervical cancer screening, and cytological screening programs havereduced the incidence/mortality of cervical cancer by 70%. But, recent cervical cancerscreening coverage is 24%. Modeling suggested that vaccination of all 12-year-old girlswould reduce cervical cancer cases by 73% in Japan. India has no cervical cancer screen-ing program, as well as a serious lack of awareness in the general population, medicalprofessionals and policy-makers. A realistic, affordable approach would be a low-volume,once-in-a-lifetime human papillomavirus-based screening program. In Australia, the nationalcervical cancer program has been very successful in reducing the incidence and mortalityof cervical cancer. Australia was the first country to implement free, national humanpapillomavirus immunization (April 2007), expected to reduce human papillomavirus 16infections by 56% in 2010 and 92% in 2050. A comparison of the UK and Japan wasdemonstrated that in the UK, cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vacci-nation uptakes are high because the government provides adequate education/funding. TheJapanese government needs to put more emphasis on women’s health and preventativemedicine. Our conclusion and recommendations are that heightened public awarenessof cervical cancer prevention, focusing on screening and vaccination will lead to improvedsurvival and a better quality of life.Key words: cervical cancer – human papillomavirus – screening – vaccination – prevention

Type-specific human papillomavirus distribution in invasive cervical cancer in Korea, 1958-2004.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the HPV genotype distribution and to investigate the underlying secular trend in the relative contribution of HPV types 16-18 in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) over a period of 47 years (1958-2004) in South Korea Methods: Paraffin embedded ICC samples were obtained from historical archives of two hospitals in Korea HPV detection and genotyping was performed by SPF10 PCR, DEIA and LiPA25 assays (version 1) Results: Of 874 ICC cases, 742 were considered suitable for HPV DNA testing after histological evaluation Squamous cell carcinoma was the major histological type (930%) HPV was detected in 674 of the 742 specimens (908%) The five most common types identified as single types among HPV-positive cases were HPV16 (631%), HPV18 (85%), HPV33 (45%), HPV58 (39%) and HPV31 (30%) Multiple infections were detected in 5% HPV16-18 together accounted for 72% of all HPV-positive cervical cancers with no statistically significant differences by time at diagnosis (adjusted model-p>005) Conclusion: This present study confirmed the role of HPV infection as the main factor in cervical cancer in Korea HPV16-18 accounted for more than 70% in cervical cancer and there was no statistically significant secular trend for the past 50 years