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Author

Hans Schipper

Bio: Hans Schipper is an academic researcher from Thales (Netherlands). The author has contributed to research in topics: Electromagnetic shielding & Electromagnetic reverberation chamber. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 7 publications receiving 32 citations.

Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
31 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a dual VIRC method, where two Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chambers (VIRC) are combined together via a common wall with an aperture that forms the interface between them.
Abstract: A new technique for shielding effectiveness measurements is the dual VIRC method. In this method two Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chambers (VIRC) are combined together via a common wall with an aperture that forms the interface between them. This particular set-up makes it possible to achieve a very high dynamic range. Advantage of this technique compared to the nested reverberation set-up is that measurements can be conducted much faster and at much lower frequency. Several different approaches to determine the shielding effectiveness are presented. It has been shown that multiple interactions play a role in the particular set-up.

20 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
20 Aug 2015
TL;DR: In this article, two adjacent reverberation chambers made of flexible cloth have been developed and are used for shielding effectiveness measurements, where the field stirring is achieved by moving the (angle of) the walls.
Abstract: Reverberation chambers create a statistical uniformly distributed field which is very useful for shielding effectiveness measurements. Two adjacent reverberation chambers made of flexible cloth have been developed and are used for shielding effectiveness measurements. The field stirring is achieved by moving the (angle of) the walls. The common wall of the adjacent chambers forms the interface where many different types of materials and structures can be exposed to high field strength. Any leakage in the other chamber is reflected multiple times. This setup makes it possible to achieve a very high dynamic range. A main advantage of this technique compared to the nested reverberation set-up is that measurements can be conducted much faster, and at much lower frequency.

10 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Oct 2012
TL;DR: The dual-VIRC method as mentioned in this paper combines two vibrating intrinsic reverberation chambers via a common wall with an aperture that forms the interface between them, which can achieve a very high dynamic range.
Abstract: Reverberation chambers create a statistical uniformly distributed field which is very useful for reliable electromagnetic interference measurements. Another advantage of these chambers is the high field strength which can be generated compared to conventional test setups. A reverberation chamber made of flexible cloth is called a vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber (VIRC) and the field stirring is achieved by moving the (angle of) the walls. A new technique for shielding effectiveness measurements is the dual-VIRC method. In this method two VIRCs are combined together via a common wall with an aperture that forms the interface between them. This set-up makes it possible to achieve a very high dynamic range. A main advantage of this technique compared to the nested reverberation set-up is that measurements can be conducted much faster and at much lower frequency.

9 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
08 Oct 2018
TL;DR: A data acquisition system built in LabView(lv), which displays and logs the data of a cascaded diode-based wideband power sensor and a GPS sensor in a synchronized way and can be used for compliance testing with the health and safety requirements for workers or the general public in difficult to reach areas without compromising safety regulations.
Abstract: Diode detectors and thermocouple detectors are the standard sensors for measuring electromagnetic fields. Thermocouple detectors are most suitable for detecting average values of pulsed signals. In case of peak detection of the field strength, the thermocouple detector is too slow and diode detectors have to be used. In case of a large crest factor, e.g. with a radar, a cascaded diode detector is needed, which is not available as a standard exposure electromagnetic field strength probe. Furthermore, a continuous registration of location while doing measurements is added. This paper describes a data acquisition (DAQ) system built in LabView(lv), which displays and logs the data of a cascaded diode-based wideband power sensor and a GPS sensor in a synchronized way. The LV program also displays the power sensor parameters and the associated GPS location in a heads up display (HUD) using the Microsoft HoloLens. This allows the user to walk and see the measured data in augmented reality without the need to look down on a laptop and missing the maximum measured electric field strength. This reduction in delay occurring from human reaction time allows to follow measurements more accurately in real time. The built system is convenient, compact and mobile in usage and can be used for compliance testing with the health and safety requirements for workers or the general public of radiated electrical fields in difficult to reach areas without compromising safety regulations.

6 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present shielding effectiveness measurements of board level shielding materials using the dual vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber (VIRC) in order to evaluate the shielding performance in each case.
Abstract: This paper presents shielding effectiveness measurements of board level shielding materials using the dual vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber. Various sized board level shielding materials mounted on specifically designed printed circuit boards are examined in order to evaluate the shielding performance in each case. Experiments presented in this paper aim to investigate the effect of appropriate mounting of the test samples before performing a shielding effectiveness measurement, as well as to compare the shielding mechanisms of these kinds of materials. Additionally, based on the obtained measurement data, a discussion on the definition of shielding effectiveness and the effect of the aperture on the coupling of the two cavities of the dual VIRC is briefly conducted.

5 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article presents the novel enemy localization method that uses the soldier’s own locations and their gunshot direction, which is faster, computationally simple, consistent, and reliable compared with others.
Abstract: The real-time information of enemy locations is capable to transform the outcome of combat operations. Such information gathered using connected soldiers on the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) is highly beneficial to create situational awareness (SA) and to plan an effective war strategy. This article presents the novel enemy localization method that uses the soldier’s own locations and their gunshot direction. The hardware prototype has been developed that uses a triangulation for an enemy localization in two soldiers and a single enemy scenario. 4.24±1.77 m of average localization error and ±4° of gunshot direction error has been observed during this prototype testing. This basic model is further extended using three-stage software simulation for multiple soldiers and multiple enemy scenarios with the necessary assumptions. The effective algorithm has been proposed, which differentiates between the ghost and true predictions by analyzing the groups of subsequent shooting intents (i.e., frames). Four different complex scenarios are tested in the first stage of the simulation, around three to six frames are required for the accurate enemy localization in the relatively simple cases, and nine frames are required for the complex cases. The random error within ±4° in gunshot direction is included in the second stage of the simulation which required almost double the number of frames for similar four cases. As the number of frames increases, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm improves and better ghost point elimination is observed. In the third stage, two conventional clustering algorithms are implemented to validate the presented work. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed algorithm is faster, computationally simple, consistent, and reliable compared with others. Detailed analysis of hardware and software results for various scenarios has been discussed in this article.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a test study on low-cost civil engineering construction material is presented, which is used at the Universitµa di Napoli Parthenope, formerly Istituto Universitato Universitario Navale (IUN) Reverberating Chamber (RC) according to a nested approach.
Abstract: In this paper, test study on low-cost civil engineering construction material is presented. In fact, in several civil constructions the strategy is to build up to flrst \fence" to EMI that limits interferences while using only in some limited areas high-cost ad hoc shielding material. The materials used in this study are tested at the Universitµa di Napoli Parthenope, formerly Istituto Universitario Navale (IUN) Reverberating Chamber (RC) according to a nested approach. Tests are made in the frequency range from 2 to 18GHz and show that low-cost materials are able to achieve about 16dB of shielding efiectiveness (SE) in contrast to ad hoc materials that show about 50dB in SE.

20 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
19 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the conical and discone antennas were designed, modeled and simulated and built for protecting effectiveness measurements in a dual vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber, which results in very repeatable results for a large frequency range and large dynamic range.
Abstract: Shielding effectiveness measurements in a dual vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber results in very repeatable results for a large frequency range and large dynamic range. Antennas in reverberation chambers do not need any gain, but the losses should be low and the dimensions should be small. The conical and discone antenna are very suitable for this purpose. An optimized conical and a discone antenna have been designed, modeled and simulated and built. Experiments in free space show their wideband behavior. Measurements inside the reverberation chamber have been performed as well.

17 citations

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the use of the enhanced backscatter coefficient as a quantity for characterizing the spatial uniformity of the reverberation chamber (RC), which is a statistical measurement environment constructed from a large metallic hallow cavity containing an irregularly shaped paddle stirrer for mixing electromagnetic fields.
Abstract: The primary focus of this thesis is to evaluate the use of the enhanced backscatter coefficient as a quantity for characterizing the spatial uniformity of the reverberation chamber (RC). An RC is a statistical measurement environment constructed from a large metallic hallow cavity containing an irregularly shaped paddle stirrer for mixing electromagnetic fields to obtain many statistically independent samples. The average power, measured from antennas placed inside of the RC, is ideally uniform over any chosen antenna position and orientation within the RCs working volume. Spatial uniformity is a fundamental assumption to all RC theoretical analysis, and thus the spatial dependence of the RC is directly related to the uncertainty of the measurements. Comparisons are made with standard multiple-configuration measurements (different antenna positions) to show that comparable values of standard deviation caused by spatial non-uniformity are obtained using the transfer function (as typically used) and the enhanced backscatter coefficient. Additionally, it is shown that the enhanced backscatter coefficient for an ideal RC is theoretically a constant value of 2, but has variation over frequency when measured. This variation over frequency is used in a single-configuration measurement to obtain values of standard deviation that are nearly the same as those found using multiple-configuration measurements. This is possible because the statistical variation of the reverberation chamber is similar over frequency and over different measurement positions. Furthermore, data is presented from various tests showing that the value of the enhanced backscatter coefficient is sensitive to calibration issues, and the improper use of frequency stirring. This helps to justify that the enhanced backscatter coefficient can be used as a benchmark quantity for determining if computations from the RC measured data are useful and can be trusted. One-and two-dimensional Greens function models are also used to explore the enhanced backscatter coefficient value for different types of stirring mechanisms. Lastly, application of the enhanced backscatter coefficient for determining the total efficiency of an antenna measured in the reverberation chamber is presented. Along with the estimates of total efficiency, the confidence interval of the results is computed from the frequency variation of the enhanced backscatter coefficient.

17 citations

DissertationDOI
22 Nov 2017
TL;DR: The initial step made in this thesis focuses on introducing REs as environments sharing multiple aspects of EM field shaping with RCs, and finding any similarities to a referential RC, possibly allowing to avoid the difficulties related to the very sensitive description of a non-uniform transmission line.
Abstract: The phenomenon of resonating electromagnetic (EM) fields has been commonly and successfully exploited in reverberation chambers (RC) for the purpose of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, as well as modeling multipath environments. Although largely successful, the currently used statistical models allow for a certain degree of freedom, especially with regard to defining the extreme field strengths, which are also the main cause of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Furthermore, some actual multipath, enclosed environments such as airplane fuselages, ships, or even building interiors, can unintentionally possess the ability to create enough strong reflections so that the resulting resonating EM field within them resembles the field inside a dedicated RC. The initial step made in this thesis focuses on introducing REs as environments sharing multiple aspects of EM field shaping with RCs. The results indicate a possible similarity to a referential RC analyzed alongside. Furthermore, due to the difficulty of collecting large amounts of data and parameter isolation in the REs, two dedicated chambers: a classical RC and the vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber (VIRC), have been analyzed as candidates allowing to simulate an RE in laboratory conditions. The search of maximum field strengths in REs has been performed by exploiting the capability of the VIRC to efficiently generate large amounts of independent samples. Performing very long measurements in the VIRC allows to obtain the desired results with very high repeatability, while giving space for parameter isolation. The measurement results obtained outside the laboratory conditions allowed to formulate a method of performing on-site emissions testing. Although performed in imperfect REs, a modified RC standard technique has been successfully applied, concluding that such an approach is possible and recommended. The final topic of the thesis discusses a creation of a simplified macro-parameter model of field coupling to cables when neither the exact cable geometry, nor the coupling field is known. Instead of focusing on precision, this investigation aims at finding any similarities, possibly allowing to avoid the difficulties related to the very sensitive description of a non-uniform transmission line, exploiting the mixed randomness of the line geometry and the multipath field excitation.

14 citations