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Harold Guetzkow

Bio: Harold Guetzkow is an academic researcher from Carnegie Institution for Science. The author has contributed to research in topics: International relations & Ingroups and outgroups. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 26 publications receiving 6745 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1960
Abstract: This landmark theory of interpersonal relations and group functioning argues that the starting point for understanding social behavior is the analysis of dyadic interdependence. Such an analysis portrays the ways in which the separate and joint actions of two persons affect the quality of their lives and the survival of their relationship. The authors focus on patterns of interdependence, and on the assumption that these patterns play an important causal role in the processes, roles, and norms of relationships. This powerful theory has many applications in all the social sciences, including the study of social and moral norms; close-pair relationships; conflicts of interest and cognitive disputes; social orientations; the social evolution of economic prosperity and leadership in groups; and personal relationships.

4,633 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1952

432 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This design provides a situation stripped of the complexities of large-scale social groups but retaining some essential characteristics of the organizational communication problem, and can examine how the communication net affects simultaneously the development of the organization's internal structure, and the group's performance of its operating task.
Abstract: Bavelas, Smith and Leavitt Bavelas, A. 1950. Communication patterns in task-oriented groups. J. Acoustical Soc. Amer.22 725--730. have posed the problem: what effect do communication patterns have upon the operation of groups? To study this problem they designed a laboratory situation that is a prototype of those occurring in “natural” organizations existing in government and business. Each member of the group is given certain information. Their task is to assemble this information, use it to make a decision, and then issue orders based on the decision. This design provides a situation stripped of the complexities of large-scale social groups but retaining some essential characteristics of the organizational communication problem. In it we can examine how the communication net affects simultaneously a the development of the organization's internal structure, and b the group's performance of its operating task.

303 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new stress model called the model of conservation of resources is presented, based on the supposition that people strive to retain, project, and build resources and that what is threatening to them is the potential or actual loss of these valued resources.
Abstract: Major perspectives concerning stress are presented with the goal of clarifying the nature of what has proved to be a heuristic but vague construct. Current conceptualizations of stress are challenged as being too phenomenological and ambiguous, and consequently, not given to direct empirical testing. Indeed, it is argued that researchers have tended to avoid the problem of defining stress, choosing to study stress without reference to a clear framework. A new stress model called the model of conservation of resources is presented as an alternative. This resource-oriented model is based on the supposition that people strive to retain, project, and build resources and that what is threatening to them is the potential or actual loss of these valued resources. Implications of the model of conservation of resources for new research directions are discussed.

9,782 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, this paper pointed out that most of the research and too many of the marketing strategies treat buyer-seller exchange as a primary concern. But, they also pointed out, "too much research and practice have focused persistently on exchange between buyers and sellers".
Abstract: Marketing theory and practice have focused persistently on exchange between buyers and sellers. Unfortunately, most of the research and too many of the marketing strategies treat buyer-seller excha...

7,871 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available empirical research supports the contention that strong attitude-behavior relations can be obtained only under high correspondence between at least the target and action elements of the attitudinal and behavioral entities.
Abstract: Research on the relation between attitude and behavior is examined in light of the correspondence between attitudinal and behavioral entities. Such entities are defined by their target, action, context, and time elements. A review of available empirical research supports the contention that strong attitude-behavior relations dre obtained only under high correspondence between at least the target and action elements of the attitudinal and behavioral entities. This conclusion is compared with the rather pessimistic assessment of the utility of the attitude concept found in much contemporary social psychological literature.

6,756 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address conceptual difficulties and highlight areas in need of additional research in social exchange theory, focusing on four issues: the roots of the conceptual ambiguities, norms and rules of exchange, nature of the resources being exchanged, and social exchange relationships.

6,571 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the scope and range of ethnocentrism in group behavior is discussed. But the focus is on the individual and not on the group as a whole, rather than the entire group.
Abstract: INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES IN INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR 3 From Individual to Group Impressions 3 GROUP MEMBERSHIP AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR 7 The Scope and Range of Ethnocentrism 8 The Development of Ethnocentrism 9 Intergroup Conflict and Competition 12 Interpersonal and intergroup behavior 13 Intergroup conflict and group cohesion 15 Power and status in intergroup behavior 16 Social Categorization a d Intergroup Behavior 20 Social categorization: cognitions, values, and groups 20 Social categorization a d intergroup discrimination 23 Social identity and social comparison 24 THE REDUCTION FINTERGROUP DISCRIMINATION 27 Intergroup Cooperation and Superordinate Goals " 28 Intergroup Contact. 28 Multigroup Membership and "lndividualizat~’on" of the Outgroup 29 SUMMARY 30

6,550 citations