J+=j

The present disclosure relates to surgical fastener applying apparatus for sequentially applying a plurality of surgical fasteners to body tissue. The surgical fastener applying apparatus includes a replaceable cartridge assembly receivable in a distal end portion of a cartridge receiving half-section, the cartridge assembly including a safety lockout pivotably disposed along the upper surface of the cartridge assembly and movable from an unlocked orientation permitting assembly of an anvil half-section to the cartridge receiving half-section, to a locked orientation preventing assembly of the anvil half-section to the cartridge receiving-half section.

Surgical fastener applying apparatus

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/22310.pdf

Pore-scale imaging and modelling

Acquisition, optimization and interpretation of X-ray computed tomographic imagery: applications to the geosciences

/pdf/high-resolution-x-ray-computed-tomography-in-geosciences-a-3sj7249knj.pdf

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications

Equations have been developed that relate induced polarization (IP) in shaly sands to measurable petrophysical parameters. The induced-polarization process has been modeled in terms of two mechanisms: clay counterion displacement and membrane blockage. The resulting equations can be used to determine shaliness, brine conductivity, and oil saturation from in-phase and out-of-phase conductivities. Laboratory measurements have confirmed the IP dependence on these variables, as well as on temperature.

Induced polarization of shaly sands

Utilisation de la tomographie pour l'etude de la roche magasin des champs de petrole et de gaz: mesure de la compressibilite et de la compaction, analyse de carottes et comparaison des resultats avec ceux des diagraphies de puits, etude des ecoulements polyphasiques, des deplacements miscibles ou non et de l'influence de la gravite, de la viscosite et des forces capillaires sur la recuperation tertiaire par injection de CO 2

X-ray computerized tomography

NMR imaging methods are provided for determining the spatial petrophysical properties of materials. These methods employ the generation of separate Mo, T1 and T2 images from which various petrophysical characteristics may be obtained, such as free fluid index, porosity, pore sizes and distributions, capillary pressure, permeability, formation factor and clay content.

NMR imaging of materials

Shale oil is produced from a subterranean interval of oil shale, where the interval is initially substantially impermeable and contains a specified grade and thickness of oil shale. Said interval is conductively heated from borehole interiors which are kept hotter than about 600° C. and are heated at a rate such that kerogen pyrolysis products formed within the oil shale create and flow through horizontal fractures which subsequently extend into fluid-producing wells that are positioned in specified locations.

Conductively heating a subterranean oil shale to create permeability and subsequently produce oil

A lithology-independent method of well logging to estimate the pore size within a formation containing natural gas. The method makes use of a pulsed NMR logging tool utilizing a recovery time that is greater than the relaxation time of hydrocarbon gas within the formation. In a preferred embodiment, two different NMR logs are obtained: one with a recovery time significantly shorter than the longitudinal relaxation time, T1, of the gas and one with a recovery time equal to or longer than T1. The amplitudes of the two logs are subtracted to determine a restricted diffusion coefficient of the gas. The restricted diffusion coefficient can then be used to estimate pore size and permeability of the formation by means of a relationship between measured restricted diffusion coefficient, surface to volume ratio, and estimated bulk diffusion ratio of the gas.

Harold J. Vinegar

Papers

Induced polarization of shaly sands

X-ray computerized tomography

NMR imaging of materials

Conductively heating a subterranean oil shale to create permeability and subsequently produce oil

NMR logging of natural gas reservoirs