Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

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Computational Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the main driver of climate change. Currently, CO2 utilization is increasingly attracting interest in processes like enhanced oil recovery and coal bed methane and it has the potential to be used in hydraulic fracturing processes, among others. In this review, the latest developments in CO2 capture, utilization, conversion, and sequestration are examined through a multi-scale perspective. The diverse range of CO2 utilization applications, including mineralization, biological utilization, food and beverages, energy storage media, and chemicals, is comprehensively presented. We also discuss the worldwide research and development of CO2 utilization projects. Lastly, we examine the key challenges and issues that must be faced for pilot-scale and industrial applications in the future. This study demonstrates that CO2 utilization can be a driver for the future development of carbon capture and utilization technologies. However, considering the amount of CO2 produced globally, even if it can be reduced in the near-to mid-term future, carbon capture and storage will remain the primary strategy and, so, complementary strategies are desirable. Currently, the main CO2 utilization industry is enhanced oil and gas recovery, but considering the carbon life cycle, these processes still add CO2 to the atmosphere. In order to implement other CO2 utilization technologies at a large scale, in addition to their current technical feasibility, their economic and societal viability is critical. Therefore, future efforts should be directed toward reduction of energy penalties and costs, and the introduction of policies and regulation encouraging carbon capture, utilization and storage, and increasing the public acceptance of the strategies in a complementary manner.

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Recent advances in carbon dioxide utilization

CO2 capture, utilization and storage has been recognized as a primary option to mitigate the issue of climate change caused by the utilization of fossil fuels. Several CO2 capture strategies have b ...

Cryogenic-based CO2 capture technologies: State-of-the-art developments and current challenges

Peng-Robinson equation of state: 40 years through cubics

A homogeneous relaxation flow model for the full bore rupture of dense phase CO2 pipelines

An efficient numerical simulation (CNGS-MOC), based on the method of characteristics for simulating full bore rupture of long pipelines containing two-phase hydrocarbons, was developed. The use of curved characteristics, in conjunction with a compound nested grid system, as well as a fast mathematical algorithm, lead to a significant reduction of CPU time, while improving accuracy. The model is validated extensively against field data including those obtained during the Piper Alpha tragedy, as well as the Isle of Grain depressurization tests. Its predictions are compared with those based on other mathematical models including PLAC, META-HEM, MSM-CS, as well as BLOWDOWN. Both CNGS-MOC and META-HEM produce reasonably accurate predictions with the remaining models assessed performing relatively poorly.

Fast numerical simulation for full bore rupture of pressurized pipelines

A numerical blowdown simulation incorporating cubic equations of state

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1097966.pdf

Haroun Mahgerefteh

Papers

A homogeneous relaxation flow model for the full bore rupture of dense phase CO2 pipelines

Fast numerical simulation for full bore rupture of pressurized pipelines

A numerical blowdown simulation incorporating cubic equations of state

Modelling the non-equilibrium two-phase flow during depressurisation of CO2 pipelines

Efficient numerical solution for highly transient flows