다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The use of conductivity measurements in organic solvents for the characterisation of coordination compounds

With energy swiftly rising to the top of the world's agenda, Harry B. Gray at the California Institute of Technology looks at how chemistry can help to harness the power of the Sun to meet the world's energy needs.

/pdf/powering-the-planet-with-solar-fuel-49rimsj7mx.pdf

Powering the planet with solar fuel

The Electronic Structure of the Vanadyl Ion

Water oxidation is a key chemical transformation for the conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels Our review focuses on recent work on robust earth-abundant heterogeneous catalysts for the oxygen-evolving reaction (OER) We point out that improvements in the performance of OER catalysts will depend critically on the success of work aimed at understanding reaction barriers based on atomic-level mechanisms We highlight the challenge of obtaining acid-stable OER catalysts, with proposals for elements that could be employed to reach this goal We suggest that future advances in solar fuels science will be accelerated by the development of new methods for materials synthesis and characterization, along with in-depth investigations of redox mechanisms at catalytic surfaces

Earth-Abundant Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysts

Natural photosynthesis uses sunlight to drive the conversion of energy-poor molecules (H2O, CO2) to energy-rich ones (O2, (CH2O)n). Scientists are working hard to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic systems toward the “Holy Grail” of solar-driven water splitting. High on the list of challenges is the discovery of molecules that efficiently catalyze the reduction of protons to H2. In this Account, we report on one promising class of molecules: cobalt complexes with diglyoxime ligands (cobaloximes). Chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical methods all have been utilized to explore proton reduction catalysis by cobaloxime complexes. Reduction of a CoII-diglyoxime generates a CoI species that reacts with a proton source to produce a CoIII-hydride. Then, in a homolytic pathway, two CoIII-hydrides react in a bimolecular step to eliminate H2. Alternatively, in a heterolytic pathway, protonation of the CoIII-hydride produces H2 and CoIII. A thermodynamic analysis of H2 evolution pathways sheds new lig...

/pdf/hydrogen-evolution-catalyzed-by-cobaloximes-23gm76vgtd.pdf

Hydrogen evolution catalyzed by cobaloximes.

Recent investigations have shed much light on the nuclear and electronic factors that control the rates of long-range electron tunneling through molecules in aqueous and organic glasses as well as through bonds in donor-bridge-acceptor complexes. Couplings through covalent and hydrogen bonds are much stronger than those across van der Waals gaps, and these differences in coupling between bonded and nonbonded atoms account for the dependence of tunneling rates on the structure of the media between redox sites in Ru-modified proteins and protein-protein complexes.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/102/10/3534.full.pdf

Harry B. Gray

Papers

Powering the planet with solar fuel

The Electronic Structure of the Vanadyl Ion

Earth-Abundant Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysts

Hydrogen evolution catalyzed by cobaloximes.

Long-range electron transfer.