scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Harry F. Noller

Bio: Harry F. Noller is an academic researcher from University of California, Santa Cruz. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ribosome & Ribosomal RNA. The author has an hindex of 94, co-authored 250 publications receiving 34946 citations. Previous affiliations of Harry F. Noller include King's College London & American Cyanamid.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The complete nucleotide sequence of the 16S RNA gene from the rrnB cistron of Escherichia coli has been determined by using three rapid DNA sequencing methods, and discrepancies may be explained by heterogeneity among 16S rRNA sequences from different cistrons.
Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of the 16S RNA gene from the rrnB cistron of Escherichia coli has been determined by using three rapid DNA sequencing methods. Nearly all of the structure has been confirmed by two to six independent sequence determinations on both DNA strands. The length of the 16S rRNA chain inferred from the DNA sequence is 1541 nucleotides, in close agreement with previous estimates. We note discrepancies between this sequence and the most recent version of it reported from direct RNA sequencing [Ehresmann, C., Stiegler, P., Carbon, P. & Ebel, J.P. (1977) FEBS Lett. 84, 337-341]. A few of these may be explained by heterogeneity among 16S rRNA sequences from different cistrons. No nucleotide sequences were found in the 16S rRNA gene that cannot be reconciled with RNase digestion products of mature 16S rRNA.

2,326 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 May 2001-Science
TL;DR: The crystal structure of the complete Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome containing bound messenger RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) at 5.5 angstrom resolution is described, suggesting coupling of the 20 to 50 angstrom movements associated with tRNA translocation with intersubunit movement.
Abstract: We describe the crystal structure of the complete Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome containing bound messenger RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) at 5.5 angstrom resolution. All of the 16S, 23S, and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) chains, the A-, P-, and E-site tRNAs, and most of the ribosomal proteins can be fitted to the electron density map. The core of the interface between the 30S small subunit and the 50S large subunit, where the tRNA substrates are bound, is dominated by RNA, with proteins located mainly at the periphery, consistent with ribosomal function being based on rRNA. In each of the three tRNA binding sites, the ribosome contacts all of the major elements of tRNA, providing an explanation for the conservation of tRNA structure. The tRNAs are closely juxtaposed with the intersubunit bridges, in a way that suggests coupling of the 20 to 50 angstrom movements associated with tRNA translocation with intersubunit movement.

1,933 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of the sequence of λrifd18 with sequences from other isolates of the rrB operon provides direct evidence for structural rearrangements within rRNA operons.

1,683 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jun 1987-Nature
TL;DR: Chemical footprinting shows that several classes of antibiotics protect concise sets of highly conserved nucleotides in 16S ribosomal RNA when bound to ribosomes, having strong implications for the mechanism of action of these antibiotics and for the assignment of functions to specific structural features of 16S rRNA.
Abstract: Chemical footprinting shows that several classes of antibiotics (streptomycin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, edeine, hygromycin and the neomycins) protect concise sets of highly conserved nucleotides in 16S ribosomal RNA when bound to ribosomes These findings have strong implications for the mechanism of action of these antibiotics and for the assignment of functions to specific structural features of 16S rRNA

1,116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The primary structure of rRNA Species-Nomenclature and the secondary structure of Secondary-Structure are investigated in more detail in this chapter.
Abstract: PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARy............................................................................................................. 119 rRNA Species-Nomenclature .. ... ... ... ... .... .. ............................ ... ... ..... .. ... .... ... .. ... .... .... . 120 PRIMARY STRUCTURE............................................................................................................................ 121 SECONDARY STRUCTURE....................................................................................................................... 124 General Approaches ....................... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. . . . .. ........................ .... ... .. .... .. .... ... . .. ... .. 124 Description of Secondary-Structure M ode/s......... ... ....... ... ........... ... .. . ....... ..................... .. 129 Phylogenetic Comparison ............ . .. . .... ... .. ... .. . .... ... .. .................... ... ... ... ... .. . ... .... ..... .. .. 136 Experimental Tests.... . . .. .. ....... ........ ... .... .. . .. ... ................ ... .. ... ........ .... .. .... ............... .. . ... 136

765 citations


Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method can be used with great confidence to determine the molecular weights of polypeptide chains for a wide variety of proteins.

19,381 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A set of oligonucleotide primers capable of initiating enzymatic amplification (polymerase chain reaction) on a phylogenetically and taxonomically wide range of bacteria is described in this paper.
Abstract: A set of oligonucleotide primers capable of initiating enzymatic amplification (polymerase chain reaction) on a phylogenetically and taxonomically wide range of bacteria is described along with methods for their use and examples. One pair of primers is capable of amplifying nearly full-length 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from many bacterial genera; the additional primers are useful for various exceptional sequences. Methods for purification of amplified material, direct sequencing, cloning, sequencing, and transcription are outlined. An obligate intracellular parasite of bovine erythrocytes, Anaplasma marginale, is used as an example; its 16S rDNA was amplified, cloned, sequenced, and phylogenetically placed. Anaplasmas are related to the genera Rickettsia and Ehrlichia. In addition, 16S rDNAs from several species were readily amplified from material found in lyophilized ampoules from the American Type Culture Collection. By use of this method, the phylogenetic study of extremely fastidious or highly pathogenic bacterial species can be carried out without the need to culture them. In theory, any gene segment for which polymerase chain reaction primer design is possible can be derived from a readily obtainable lyophilized bacterial culture.

10,245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A program is described, tRNAscan-SE, which identifies 99-100% of transfer RNA genes in DNA sequence while giving less than one false positive per 15 gigabases.
Abstract: We describe a program, tRNAscan-SE, which identifies 99-100% of transfer RNA genes in DNA sequence while giving less than one false positive per 15 gigabases. Two previously described tRNA detection programs are used as fast, first-pass prefilters to identify candidate tRNAs, which are then analyzed by a highly selective tRNA covariance model. This work represents a practical application of RNA covariance models, which are general, probabilistic secondary structure profiles based on stochastic context-free grammars. tRNAscan-SE searches at approximately 30 000 bp/s. Additional extensions to tRNAscan-SE detect unusual tRNA homologues such as selenocysteine tRNAs, tRNA-derived repetitive elements and tRNA pseudogenes.

9,629 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis of the retrieved rRNA sequence of an uncultured microorganism reveals its closest culturable relatives and may, together with information on the physicochemical conditions of its natural habitat, facilitate more directed cultivation attempts.

9,017 citations