Adaptive hypermedia is a relatively new direction of research on the crossroads of hypermedia and user modeling. Adaptive hypermedia systems build a model of the goals, preferences and knowledge of each individual user, and use this model throughout the interaction with the user, in order to adapt to the needs of that user. The goal of this paper is to present the state of the art in adaptive hypermedia at the eve of the year 2000, and to highlight some prospects for the future. This paper attempts to serve both the newcomers and the experts in the area of adaptive hypermedia by building on an earlier comprehensive review (Brusilovsky, 1996; Brusilovsky, 1998).

Adaptive Hypermedia

One distinctive feature of any adaptive system is the user model that represents essential information about each user This chapter complements other chapters of this book in reviewing user models and user modeling approaches applied in adaptive Web systems The presentation is structured along three dimensions: what is being modeled, how it is modeled, and how the models are maintained After a broad overview of the nature of the information presented in these various user models, the chapter focuses on two groups of approaches to user model representation and maintenance: the overlay approach to user model representation and the uncertainty-based approach to user modeling

User models for adaptive hypermedia and adaptive educational systems

A system and method for filtering and organizing items from computer memories based on common elements. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, filters are provided for manipulating the items. The filters are essentially tools for narrowing down a set of items. In one embodiment, the filters are dynamically generated based on the properties of the separate items. The system utilizes virtual folders. The virtual folders expose regular files and folders to users in different views based on their metadata instead of the actual physical underlying file system structure on the disk. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, quick links are provided. In one embodiment, quick links are a set of predefined links (e.g., located on the left side of the display) that can be clicked on to generate useful views of the sets of items. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, libraries are provided. Libraries consist of large groups of usable types of items that can be associated together.

System and method for filtering and organizing items based on common elements

Hypermedia applications offer users the impression that there are many meaningful ways to navigate through a large body of information nodes. This rich link structure not only creates orientation problems, it may also be a source of comprehension problems when users follow paths through the information which the author did not foresee. Adaptive techniques have been used by a number of researchers [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 19, 20, 22] in an attempt to offer guidance through and orientation support for rich link structures. The majority of these adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) have been used in educational applications. The terminology used in this paper also has an educational “flavor”. However, there are some adaptive on-line information systems (or “kiosk”systems), adaptive information retrieval systems, and other adaptive hypermedia applications. In this paper we describe a reference model for adaptive hypermedia applications, called AHAM, which encompasses most features supported by adaptive systems that exist today or that are being developed (and have been published about). Our description of AHS is based on the Dexter model [15, 16], a widely used reference model for hypermedia. The description is kept somewhat informal in order to be able to explain AHAM rather than formally specify it. AHAM augments Dexter with features for doing adaptation based on a user model which persists beyond the duration of a session. Key aspects in AHAM are: Paul De Bra is also affiliated with the University of Antwerp, Belgium, and with the “Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica” (CWI) in Amsterdam. yGeert-Jan Houben is also affiliated with the University of Antwerp, Belgium, and with Origin in Eindhoven. The adaptation is based on a domain model, a user model and a teaching model which consists of pedagogical rules. We give a formal definition of each of these (sub)models (but only describe the pedagogical rules informally throughexamples). We distinguish the notions of concept, page and fragment. In some AHS these notions are confused. We provide a formalism which lets authors write pedagogical rules (about concepts) in such a way that they can be applied automatically. We illustrate various aspects of AHAM by means of some features of some well-known AHS [6, 10].

AHAM: a Dexter-based reference model for adaptive hypermedia

Hypermedia applications generate comprehension and orientation problems due to their rich link structure. Adaptive hypermedia tries to alleviate these problems by ensuring that the links that are offered and the content of the information pages are adapted to each individual user. This is done by maintaining a user model. Most adaptive hypermedia systems are aimed at one specific application. They provide an engine for maintaining the user model and for adapting content and link structure. They use a fixed screen layout that may include windows (HTML frames) for an annotated table of contents, an overview of known or missing knowledge, etc. Such systems are typically closed and difficult to reuse for very different applications. We present AHA, an open Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture that is suitable for many different applications. This paper concentrates on the adaptive hypermedia engine, which maintains the user model and which filters content pages and link structures accordingly. The engine...

AHA! An open Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture

Concepts and documents for adaptive educational hypermedia: a model and a prototype

Experiences with the ARIADNE pedagogical document repository

This paper discusses a generic query tool that enables an end user to query a metadata store through filters that impose search criteria on attributes. The Metadata Query Tool (MQT) is generic in the sense that it dynamically creates its user interface, based on configuration files that define the metadata scheme and the query functionalities. Although, in principle, the tool can be used to query any relational database, it has been specifically developed to query educational metadata stored in the ARIADNE Knowledge Pool System. The first section of the paper is an introduction, followed by a section that describes the approach to filter-based queries. The third section explains the configurable aspect of MQT, both with respect to the metadata scheme, as well as with respect to the graphical user interface. Some details on the queries generated by MQT are presented in the fourth section. The fifth section covers some user interface aspects. The sixth section gives an overview of related research and tools. The current status is presented in the seventh section. (Contains 11 references.) (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. A Generic Metadata Query Tool B. Verhoeven, E. Duval[11, H. Olivie Dept. Computer Science Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (B) Celestijnenlaan 200A, B-3001 Heverlee. Belgium E-mail: {Bart.Verhoeven,Erik.Duval,Henk.Olivie}@cs.kuleuven.ac.be 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

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Hendrik Olivié

Papers

Concepts and documents for adaptive educational hypermedia: a model and a prototype

Experiences with the ARIADNE pedagogical document repository

A Generic Metadata Query Tool

A simple model for adaptive courseware navigation

A knowledge pool system of reusable pedagogical elements