Author
Herbert H. Cornish
Other affiliations: National Institutes of Health
Bio: Herbert H. Cornish is an academic researcher from University of Michigan. The author has contributed to research in topics: Toxicity & Carbon tetrachloride. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 53 publications receiving 1562 citations. Previous affiliations of Herbert H. Cornish include National Institutes of Health.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The present investigation concerns the identification and quantitative determination of the methyluric acids and methylxanthines excreted in the urine of man after the ingestion of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine.
327 citations
90 citations
TL;DR: Hepatic microsomal enzyme activity remained elevated 10 days after a single dose of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs may play an important role in altering biologic responses of mammals subjected to environmental chemical stress.
80 citations
TL;DR: Ethanol potentiation of toxicity, as measured by serum enzyme response, could be demonstrated only after exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride or trichloroethylene.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the potentiating action of prior ethanol ingestion on the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloro-ethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene. Ethanol potentiation of toxicity, as measured by serum enzyme response, could be demonstrated only after exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride or trichloroethylene.
79 citations
TL;DR: It was found that animals exposed to 4000 ppm for 6 hr or given 3.25 mg/g of CCl 4 orally developed tolerance to subsequent normally lethal CCl 2 exposures, suggesting that the toxicity of C Cl 4 is related to its metabolic pathway or to the production of toxic intermediates.
72 citations
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TL;DR: Analysis of the results of laboratory animal and wildlife studies suggests that the predictive value of TEQs for PCBs may be both species- and response-dependent because both additive and nonadditive (antagonistic) interactions have been observed with PCB mixtures.
Abstract: Commercial polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and environmental extracts contain complex mixtures of congeners that can be unequivocally identified and quantitated. Some PCB mixtures elicit a spectrum of biochemical and toxic responses in humans and laboratory animals and many of these effects resemble those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, which act through the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-receptor signal transduction pathway. Structure-activity relationships developed for PCB congeners and metabolites have demonstrated that several structural classes of compounds exhibit diverse biochemical and toxic responses. Structure-toxicity studies suggest that the coplanar PCBs, namely, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tetraCB), 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB, and their monoortho analogs are Ah-receptor agonists and contribute significantly to the toxicity of the PCB mixtures. Previous studies with TCDD and structurally related compounds ...
1,724 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that fish, exposed to a mixture of polyethylene with chemical pollutants sorbed from the marine environment, bioaccumulate these chemical pollutants and suffer liver toxicity and pathology, and that future assessments should consider the complex mixture of the plastic material and their associated chemical pollutants.
Abstract: Plastic debris litters aquatic habitats globally, the majority of which is microscopic (< 1 mm) and is ingested by a large range of species. Risks associated with such small fragments come from the material itself and from chemical pollutants that sorb to it from surrounding water. Hazards associated with the complex mixture of plastic and accumulated pollutants are largely unknown. Here, we show that fish, exposed to a mixture of polyethylene with chemical pollutants sorbed from the marine environment, bioaccumulate these chemical pollutants and suffer liver toxicity and pathology. Fish fed virgin polyethylene fragments also show signs of stress, although less severe than fish fed marine polyethylene fragments. We provide baseline information regarding the bioaccumulation of chemicals and associated health effects from plastic ingestion in fish and demonstrate that future assessments should consider the complex mixture of the plastic material and their associated chemical pollutants.
1,325 citations
TL;DR: The results clearly show that like "dioxin", the PCBs and PBBs elicit their effects through a cytosolic receptor protein which preferentially binds with the toxins which are approximate isostereomers of 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Abstract: (1984). Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs): Biochemistry, Toxicology, and Mechanism of Action. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 319-395.
781 citations
TL;DR: This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds and Arctic charr.
739 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that N2H4 is produced from the anammox substrates ammonium and nitrite and that nitric oxide is the direct precursor of N2 H4, which presents a new biochemical reaction forging an N–N bond and fills a lacuna in understanding of the biochemical synthesis of the N2 in the atmosphere.
Abstract: Two distinct microbial processes, denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), are responsible for the release of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas (N(2)) to the atmosphere. Denitrification has been studied for over 100 years and its intermediates and enzymes are well known. Even though anammox is a key biogeochemical process of equal importance, its molecular mechanism is unknown, but it was proposed to proceed through hydrazine (N(2)H(4)). Here we show that N(2)H(4) is produced from the anammox substrates ammonium and nitrite and that nitric oxide (NO) is the direct precursor of N(2)H(4). We resolved the genes and proteins central to anammox metabolism and purified the key enzymes that catalyse N(2)H(4) synthesis and its oxidation to N(2). These results present a new biochemical reaction forging an N-N bond and fill a lacuna in our understanding of the biochemical synthesis of the N(2) in the atmosphere. Furthermore, they reinforce the role of nitric oxide in the evolution of the nitrogen cycle.
694 citations